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Cognitive Neuroscience > 2. The Attending and Spatial Brain > Flashcards

2. The Attending and Spatial Brain Flashcards

1
Q

The ability to select a stimulus, focus on it, and shift the focus at will

A

Attention

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2
Q

The attentional bottleneck:

A

we know visual field is rich but choose to focus on most important parts

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3
Q

Type of processing when

i) attention driven by the environment
ii) attention driven by goals

A

i) bottom up

ii) top down

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4
Q

Locations on the retina/sensory surfaces is known as

A

Retinocentric space

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5
Q

Location of objects relative to the body

A

Egocentric space

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6
Q

The location of objects relative to eachother

A

Allocentric space

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7
Q
  • we can move attention from one lcoation to another
  • can zoom attention in or out
  • attention has limited capacity
    this is known as
A

The spotlight metaphor

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8
Q

Posner showed that if a cue and target are presented close together, people are faster at detecting the target. Attention/spotlight guided by a stimulus is known as

A

Exogenous control

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9
Q

inhibition of return (IOR)

A

slowed processing speed when you go back to a previously attended location

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10
Q

The airport scanner game (Mitroff and Biggs) demonstrates visual search, which is a form of what control?

A

Endogenous control

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11
Q

What is a flat/parallel visual search

A
  • searched at same time

- target is easily identifiable (distinct features) and pops out

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12
Q

what is a steep/serial visual search?

A
  • you sequentially compare all distractors to the item you are searching for
  • target is harder to find, might have similar distractors. Linear relationship between number of items and time taken to identify target
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13
Q

the where/how pathway is associated with which lobe and what is the alternative name?

A
  • parietal lobe

- dorsal stream

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14
Q

The what pathway is associated with which lobe and what is the alternative name?

A
  • temporal lobe

- ventral stream

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15
Q

due to asymmetric parietal lobes, the right lobe has a richer representation of space and we attend more to the left side of space. This is called what, and what illusion can demonstrate it?

A
  • pseudoneglect

- the light to dark bar illusion AND bisection of a line

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16
Q

Occurs due to the attentional bottleneck, we can fail to see a visual stimulus when attention is directed away (gorilla video)

A

Inattentional blindness

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17
Q

Change detection is associated with this brain region

A

Parietal lobes

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18
Q

This brain regions is active when attending to images of houses

A

The parahippocampal place area

19
Q

Inability to report a target stimulus if it occurs soon after another target stimulus

A

Attentional Blink - example of negative priming

20
Q

The dorsal stream can be split into what 2 networks and what regions does each encompass?

A

1) the dorso-dorsal network: involves left intraparietal area (LIP) and FEF
2) the ventro-dorsal network: the right temporo-parietal junction and ventral PFC

21
Q

This dorsal stream network is involved in orienting attention within a salience map

A

the dorso-dorsal network

22
Q

This dorsal stream is involved in interrupting cognitive processing to redirect attention

A

the ventro-dorsal network

23
Q

Condition: loss of attentional resources to the contralateral hemifield, resulting in failure to attend to stimuli on that side

A

Hemispatial neglect

24
Q

To which parietal lobe, and thus which visual hemifield, does damage result in more severe hemispatial neglect

A
  • right parietal lobe

- left hemifield

25
Q

a model describing how perceptual features are encoded in parallel and prior to attention - either pop out without attention, or serial searches requiring attention

A

Feature integration theory (FIT)

26
Q

Applying TMS to the parietal lobe impairs __ search (serial, single feature)

A

Serial

27
Q

The negative priming effect provides evidence for __ (early, late) selection

A

Late - information processed up to level of meaning/semantics

28
Q

Patient with neglect reports seeing object on left but not right when two stimuli presented

A

Extinction

29
Q

Neglect is most associated with lesions to the…

A

right inferior parietal lobe

30
Q

True or false, patients with neglect can still see objects on the impaired side if cued there and neglect affects other modalities too

A

True

31
Q

Perceptual neglect

A

Not perceiving one side of space

32
Q

Unable to report half of a scene when imagining it

A

Representational neglect

33
Q

What is the difference between personal and peripersonal neglect

A

personal - neglecting the affected side of the body

peripersonal - neglecting external objects

34
Q

Name a potential rehabilitation method for neglect

A

The prism adaptation using prism lens glasses

35
Q

This brain region stores long term representations of space

A

hippocampus

36
Q

Test that assesses impulsivity and sustained attention. Often poor performance in ADHD children, but good performance in video game players

A

Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA)

37
Q

Brain region thought to underlie multitasking, improved activation in Neuroracer game, stimulation of this region with anodal tDCS enhances multitasking

A

dorsolateral PFC

38
Q

Function of dorso dorsal network

A

internally cued attention

39
Q

Function of ventro dorsal network?

A

externally cued attention

40
Q

True or false: animals can get neglect?

A

True

41
Q

What is near vs far neglect?

A

Near neglect: impaired on line bisection

Far neglect: spared when using a light pointer to bisect lines

42
Q

Visual extinction suggests that:

A

perceptual representations are competing for attention and visual awareness

43
Q

Neuroracer improved which 3 abilities in old people?

A

working memory, TOVA, and multitasking

44
Q

what brain changes did the neuroracer game result in?

A

improved executive function from PFC, more coherence between brain regions

Cognitive Neuroscience (8 decks)

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