2. The Attending and Spatial Brain Flashcards
The ability to select a stimulus, focus on it, and shift the focus at will
Attention
The attentional bottleneck:
we know visual field is rich but choose to focus on most important parts
Type of processing when
i) attention driven by the environment
ii) attention driven by goals
i) bottom up
ii) top down
Locations on the retina/sensory surfaces is known as
Retinocentric space
Location of objects relative to the body
Egocentric space
The location of objects relative to eachother
Allocentric space
- we can move attention from one lcoation to another
- can zoom attention in or out
- attention has limited capacity
this is known as
The spotlight metaphor
Posner showed that if a cue and target are presented close together, people are faster at detecting the target. Attention/spotlight guided by a stimulus is known as
Exogenous control
inhibition of return (IOR)
slowed processing speed when you go back to a previously attended location
The airport scanner game (Mitroff and Biggs) demonstrates visual search, which is a form of what control?
Endogenous control
What is a flat/parallel visual search
- searched at same time
- target is easily identifiable (distinct features) and pops out
what is a steep/serial visual search?
- you sequentially compare all distractors to the item you are searching for
- target is harder to find, might have similar distractors. Linear relationship between number of items and time taken to identify target
the where/how pathway is associated with which lobe and what is the alternative name?
- parietal lobe
- dorsal stream
The what pathway is associated with which lobe and what is the alternative name?
- temporal lobe
- ventral stream
due to asymmetric parietal lobes, the right lobe has a richer representation of space and we attend more to the left side of space. This is called what, and what illusion can demonstrate it?
- pseudoneglect
- the light to dark bar illusion AND bisection of a line
Occurs due to the attentional bottleneck, we can fail to see a visual stimulus when attention is directed away (gorilla video)
Inattentional blindness
Change detection is associated with this brain region
Parietal lobes
This brain regions is active when attending to images of houses
The parahippocampal place area
Inability to report a target stimulus if it occurs soon after another target stimulus
Attentional Blink - example of negative priming
The dorsal stream can be split into what 2 networks and what regions does each encompass?
1) the dorso-dorsal network: involves left intraparietal area (LIP) and FEF
2) the ventro-dorsal network: the right temporo-parietal junction and ventral PFC
This dorsal stream network is involved in orienting attention within a salience map
the dorso-dorsal network
This dorsal stream is involved in interrupting cognitive processing to redirect attention
the ventro-dorsal network
Condition: loss of attentional resources to the contralateral hemifield, resulting in failure to attend to stimuli on that side
Hemispatial neglect
To which parietal lobe, and thus which visual hemifield, does damage result in more severe hemispatial neglect
- right parietal lobe
- left hemifield
a model describing how perceptual features are encoded in parallel and prior to attention - either pop out without attention, or serial searches requiring attention
Feature integration theory (FIT)
Applying TMS to the parietal lobe impairs __ search (serial, single feature)
Serial
The negative priming effect provides evidence for __ (early, late) selection
Late - information processed up to level of meaning/semantics
Patient with neglect reports seeing object on left but not right when two stimuli presented
Extinction
Neglect is most associated with lesions to the…
right inferior parietal lobe
True or false, patients with neglect can still see objects on the impaired side if cued there and neglect affects other modalities too
True
Perceptual neglect
Not perceiving one side of space
Unable to report half of a scene when imagining it
Representational neglect
What is the difference between personal and peripersonal neglect
personal - neglecting the affected side of the body
peripersonal - neglecting external objects
Name a potential rehabilitation method for neglect
The prism adaptation using prism lens glasses
This brain region stores long term representations of space
hippocampus
Test that assesses impulsivity and sustained attention. Often poor performance in ADHD children, but good performance in video game players
Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA)
Brain region thought to underlie multitasking, improved activation in Neuroracer game, stimulation of this region with anodal tDCS enhances multitasking
dorsolateral PFC
Function of dorso dorsal network
internally cued attention
Function of ventro dorsal network?
externally cued attention
True or false: animals can get neglect?
True
What is near vs far neglect?
Near neglect: impaired on line bisection
Far neglect: spared when using a light pointer to bisect lines
Visual extinction suggests that:
perceptual representations are competing for attention and visual awareness
Neuroracer improved which 3 abilities in old people?
working memory, TOVA, and multitasking
what brain changes did the neuroracer game result in?
improved executive function from PFC, more coherence between brain regions
