8. Regeneration 2 Flashcards
Name the 3 cell signaling classifications and a breif description of each.
- Autocrine - cell signals itself
- Paracrine - cell signals neighboring cells
- Endocrine - cell sends signal in blood and signal acts on cells far away.
2 ligands that bind intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase receptors.
- Growth Factors
2. Insulin
Ligands that bind receptors lacking intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase activity. (JAK STAT)
Cytokines
Major importance of G-protein coupled receptors.
Major target for pharmaceutical agents.
Highly conserved pathway involved in regeneration of tissue in certain animals bt in humans it only moderates stem cell regulation.
Wnt/Beta-catenin pathway
What are the two main restriction points to hepatocyte replication?
- G0/G1 checkpoint
2. G1/S checkpoint
2 cytokines that mediate the hepatocyte to shift from quiescent G0 phase to mitotic G1 phase.
- TNF
2. IL-6
This forms the scaffolding for tissue repair after injury and allows the new tissue to maintain the shape that it once did before the injury.
ECM
List the 3 groups of macromolecules in the ECM and their functions.
- Fibrous Structural Proteins - collagen and elastins for tensil strength and recoil.
- Adhesive Glycoproteins - ECM component linkage
- Proteoglycans and Hyaluronan - lubrication
Collagen with a triple helical structure for building strong support. Name the 5 types of collagen that fit this category.
Fibrillar Collagen
Types I, II, III, V, XI
Two major components of the basement membrane and the description of the collagen.
- Laminin
2. Collagen Type IV: sheet-like instead of fibrils
Required to hydroxylate procollagen escpecially for wound healing and to prevent scurvy.
Vitamin C
Disease characterized by a mutation in the Fibrillin gene.
Marfan Syndrome
Cell adhesion proteins that provide connection between the ECM and the cytoskeleton of cells.
Integrins
Cell adhesion protein that stabilizes clots and fills the gaps created by wounds.
Fibronectin
Most abundant glycoprotein in the basement membrane.
Laminin
Cell adhesion protein that forms cell junctions like Zonula Occludens and desmosomes. Used calcium in order to function.
Cadherins (low Cadherin E indicated in breast and gastric cancers)
Secreted adhesion molecule that is an angiogenesis inhibitor and aids in tissue remodeling.
SPARC (osteonectin) or thrombospondins
Secreted adhesion molecule that regulates calcification.
Osteopontin
Component of extra-cellular matrix that absorbs water and provides lubrication in synovial fluid.
Hyaluronan
