10. Heme Disorders 1 Flashcards
% of total body water in plasma.
5%
Severe generalized edema often closely linked with patients about to die.
Anasarca
Category of edema with protein-rich exudate and increased vascular permeability.
Inflammatory Edema
Parasitic worm that can cause lymphedema.
Wucheria bancrofti
Main condition that pitting edema is often associated with.
Chronic heart failure
Main symptom seen with edema secondary to renal dysfunction.
Periorbital edema
Condition seen frequently with left ventricular failure where patients cough up frothy blood-tinged (pink) fluid.
Pulmonary Edema
Name the two types of brain edema.
- Localized - usually due to trauma
2. Generalized - whole brain swells
Major problem that occurs if brain edema is not resolved.
Herniation of brain matter down thru foramen magnum
Active process dealing with dilation of arterioles in inflammation or in skeletal muscles during exercise.
Hyperemia
Passive process resulting from reduced outflow of blood from a tissue often resulting in cyanosis.
Congestion
Cause of systemic congestion.
Cardiac Failure
Cause of local congestion.
Localized venous obstruction
Histological characteristic of tissues with chronic congestion and capillary rupture (hemorrhage) from the static blood.
Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages
Another name for hemosiderin-laden macrophages seen in avleoli with chronic pulmonary congestion.
Heart Failure Cells
Characteristic appearance of liver tissue with chronic hepatic congestion.
Nutmeg Liver
Increased tendency to hemorrhage.
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
External hemorrhage contained within a tissue.
Hematoma (bruise)
Minute 1-2mm hemorrhage in the skin.
Petechiae
Small skin hemorrhages slightly greater than 3mm usually secondary to trauma or vascular inflammation.
Purpura
Large 1-2cm skin hemorrhages often presenting with colors associated with bilirubin metabolsim.
Ecchymoses
3 components of hemostasis and thrombosis.
- Vascular wall (mainly endothelium)
- Platelets
- Coagulation Cascade
Cells that possess anti-platelet, anti-coagulant, and fibrinolytic proterties when inactive; but possess procoagulant properties when activated.
Endothelial Cells
2 endothelial membrane-associated heparin-like molecules that mediate anti-coagulant effects.
- Thrombomodulin
2. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
Endothelial cell mediator that generates fibrinolytic effects.
Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator
Component of the basement membrane that is exposed during injury and binds to the Gp1b receptor on platelets. Name the deficiency in this protein.
- von Willebrand Factor
2. von Willebrand Disease
Deficiency of the Gp1b protein that is normally on the surface of platelets and binds vWF.
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Deficiency of the Gp2a-3b complex surface protein that binds platelets to each other during clot formation.
Glanzmann Thromasthenia
Platelets are derived from which hemopoeitic lineage?
Megakaryocytic Lineage
Name the two types of granules released by platelets when they encouter vWF after vascular injury.
- Alpha - release adhesion molecules so platelets can fuse to each other
- Delta - release ADP and ATP which encourages migration of more platelets to the site of injury
Powerful vasoconstrictor found in the granules of platelets.
Thromboxane A2
Name two mechanisms that thrombin stabilizes the platelet plug after injury.
- Binds a protease-activated receptor on platelets to encourage platelet aggregation.
- Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
