10. Heme Disorders 1

Question 1

% of total body water in plasma.

Answer 1

5%

Question 2

Severe generalized edema often closely linked with patients about to die.

Answer 2

Anasarca

Question 3

Category of edema with protein-rich exudate and increased vascular permeability.

Answer 3

Inflammatory Edema

Question 4

Parasitic worm that can cause lymphedema.

Answer 4

Wucheria bancrofti

Question 5

Main condition that pitting edema is often associated with.

Answer 5

Chronic heart failure

Question 6

Main symptom seen with edema secondary to renal dysfunction.

Answer 6

Periorbital edema

Question 7

Condition seen frequently with left ventricular failure where patients cough up frothy blood-tinged (pink) fluid.

Answer 7

Pulmonary Edema

Question 8

Name the two types of brain edema.

Answer 8

1. Localized - usually due to trauma

2. Generalized - whole brain swells

Question 9

Major problem that occurs if brain edema is not resolved.

Answer 9

Herniation of brain matter down thru foramen magnum

Question 10

Active process dealing with dilation of arterioles in inflammation or in skeletal muscles during exercise.

Answer 10

Hyperemia

Question 11

Passive process resulting from reduced outflow of blood from a tissue often resulting in cyanosis.

Answer 11

Congestion

Question 12

Cause of systemic congestion.

Answer 12

Cardiac Failure

Question 13

Cause of local congestion.

Answer 13

Localized venous obstruction

Question 14

Histological characteristic of tissues with chronic congestion and capillary rupture (hemorrhage) from the static blood.

Answer 14

Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages

Question 15

Another name for hemosiderin-laden macrophages seen in avleoli with chronic pulmonary congestion.

Answer 15

Heart Failure Cells

Question 16

Characteristic appearance of liver tissue with chronic hepatic congestion.

Answer 16

Nutmeg Liver

Question 17

Increased tendency to hemorrhage.

Answer 17

Hemorrhagic Diathesis

Question 18

External hemorrhage contained within a tissue.

Answer 18

Hematoma (bruise)

Question 19

Minute 1-2mm hemorrhage in the skin.

Answer 19

Petechiae

Question 20

Small skin hemorrhages slightly greater than 3mm usually secondary to trauma or vascular inflammation.

Answer 20

Purpura

Question 21

Large 1-2cm skin hemorrhages often presenting with colors associated with bilirubin metabolsim.

Answer 21

Ecchymoses

Question 22

3 components of hemostasis and thrombosis.

Answer 22

1. Vascular wall (mainly endothelium)
2. Platelets
3. Coagulation Cascade

Question 23

Cells that possess anti-platelet, anti-coagulant, and fibrinolytic proterties when inactive; but possess procoagulant properties when activated.

Answer 23

Endothelial Cells

Question 24

2 endothelial membrane-associated heparin-like molecules that mediate anti-coagulant effects.

Answer 24

1. Thrombomodulin

2. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Question 25

Endothelial cell mediator that generates fibrinolytic effects.

Answer 25

Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator

Question 26

Component of the basement membrane that is exposed during injury and binds to the Gp1b receptor on platelets. Name the deficiency in this protein.

Answer 26

1. von Willebrand Factor

2. von Willebrand Disease

Question 27

Deficiency of the Gp1b protein that is normally on the surface of platelets and binds vWF.

Answer 27

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

Question 28

Deficiency of the Gp2a-3b complex surface protein that binds platelets to each other during clot formation.

Answer 28

Glanzmann Thromasthenia

Question 29

Platelets are derived from which hemopoeitic lineage?

Answer 29

Megakaryocytic Lineage

Question 30

Name the two types of granules released by platelets when they encouter vWF after vascular injury.

Answer 30

1. Alpha - release adhesion molecules so platelets can fuse to each other
2. Delta - release ADP and ATP which encourages migration of more platelets to the site of injury

Question 31

Powerful vasoconstrictor found in the granules of platelets.

Answer 31

Thromboxane A2

Question 32

Name two mechanisms that thrombin stabilizes the platelet plug after injury.

Answer 32

1. Binds a protease-activated receptor on platelets to encourage platelet aggregation.
2. Converts fibrinogen to fibrin