Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path Core Exam 2 > 7. Regeneration 1 > Flashcards

7. Regeneration 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Broad definition of repair in humans.

A

Combo of tissue regeneration and scar formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 systems that undergo regeneration in the human body.

A
  1. Blood
  2. Skin
  3. GI tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Component of the body that provides the scaffolding for tissue repair during fibrosis.

A

Extra-cellular Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 examples of physiologic proliferation of cells in the body.

A
  1. Endometrial cell proliferation stimulated by estrogen in the menstrual cycle.
  2. Thyroid gland growth under the influence of TSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 examples of pathologic proliferation of cells in the body.

A
  1. BPH

2. Thyroid Goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the 3 groups of tissues in the body based on proliferative activity.

A
  1. Labile Tissue - always dividing
  2. Quiescent - divides with a signal
  3. Non-dividing - arrested in G0 phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Since neurons are non-dividing cells, how does the body repair and replace the damaged neurons?

A

Replaces with glial (neuronal support) cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Skeletal muscle cells that undergo slight differentiation and slight proliferative capacity.

A

Satellite Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name and describe the 2 pathways that stem cells use to maintain the cell numbers.

A
  1. Obligatory Asymmetrical replication - one cell divides into 2 daughter cells. 1 Daughter cell differentiates while the other stays behind to divide again.
  2. Stochastic Differentiation - one cell divides into either two differentiating cells or two more dividing cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Term meaning that a cell can differentiate into any cell type in the body given the right stimulus.

A

Pluripotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Term meaning that 1 cell can divide and differentiate into a whole multicellular organism.

A

Totipotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Technique that can induce adult cells to become pluripotent.

A

Transfer a nucleus of a pluripotent cell into the cells of an adult so that damaged organs can be repopulated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain transdifferentiation VS Metaplasia

A

Metaplasia - stimulus affects already differentiated cells to induce stem cell differentiation into another phenotype.
Transdifferentiation - stimulus affects already differentiated cells and these cells change phenotype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 sites where do hematopoietic stem cells come from?

A
  1. Bone Marrow
  2. Umbilical Cord
  3. Peripheral blood of pts. receiving cytokines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Multipotent cells that generate chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, myoblasts, and endothelial cell precursors.

A

Marrow Stromal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bipotential progenitor cells of the liver capable of dividing into hepatocytes or biliary cells.

A

Oval Cells

17
Q

Name 3 locations where stem cells reside in the skin.

A
  1. Interfollicular areas (right by hair follicle)
  2. Sebaceous glands
  3. Buldge area of hair follicle
18
Q

Stem cells that maintain the cornea and reside at the junction of the cornea and the conjunctiva.

A

Limbal Stem cells

19
Q

Restriction point of the cell cycle that checks the cell’s DNA before DNA replication.

A

G1/S checkpoint

20
Q

3 proteins that regulate the G1/S checkpoint.

A
  1. Cyclins
  2. Cyclin-dependent Kinase (CDKs)
  3. CDK-Inhibitors
21
Q

Checkpoint that monitors the DNA of cells after DNA replication.

A

G2/M checkpoint

22
Q

Growth factor that is mitogenic for hepatocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts.

A

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

23
Q

Growth factor that binds to the same receptor as EGF but is involved in malignant transformation of cells. Can be detected for cancer diagnosis.

A

Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha (TGF-A)

24
Q

Growth factor with mitogenic effects on hepatocytes and most epithelial cells.

A

Hepatocyte Growth Factor or Scatter Factor

25
Q

Growth factor that induces the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and monocytes to areas of inflammation for tissue repair.

A

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

26
Q

Growth Factor that promotes angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (in fetuses).

A

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

27
Q

Growth factor that contributes to hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, lung function, and formation of skeletal and cardiac muscles.

A

Fibroblast Growth Factor

28
Q

Growth factor that stimulates fibroblast chemotaxis, enhances collagen production, and inhibits collagen degredation. Also contributes to fibrosis in chronic inflammation.

A

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (and also Related Growth Factor)

29
Q

2 cytokines involved in inflammation and wound healing.

A
  1. TNF

2. IL-1

30
Q

2 cytokines involved in inflammation and initiating liver regeneration.

A
  1. TNF

2. IL-6

Path Core Exam 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions