8. Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms

Question 1

Airway epithelium aids in the translocation of what immunoglobulin?

Answer 1

IgA

Question 2

What comprises the mucus blanket?

Answer 2

Sol layer: aqueous, where the cilia is

Mucus layer: above cilia

Question 3

What factors are expressed by immune cells when no response is needed?

Answer 3

IL-10 and TGF-β

Question 4

What is the first line of defense for the alveoli?

Answer 4

Macrophages. They are resident, self renewing, and long lived. They also have plasticity to differentiated when needed.

Question 5

What is surfactant’s (SP-A and SP-D) role in the immune response?

Answer 5

They act as opsonins to aid in uptake of pathogens, but do not trigger an inflammatory response.

Question 6

What occurs during an early phase acute atopic response?

Answer 6

Degranulation of mast cells. IL-4 and IL-5 from broken mast cells recruit inflammatory cells to area.

Question 7

What occurs during a late phase chronic atopic response?

Answer 7

Large amount of immune cells come into area. Mast cells increase 10 fold, release more cytokines, and continue inflammation. Eosinophils specifically cause a lot of tissue damage.

Question 8

What are the main proponents of chronic asthma related airway remodeling?

Answer 8

Leukotrienes and prostaglandins

Question 9

What cytokine is key in COPD related inflammation?

Answer 9

Th17

Question 10

What can occur with a ventilator associated lung injury?

Answer 10

Physical damage from over inflation and mechanical stress. Hyper-oxygenation, free radicals, influx of neutrophils.

Question 11

What is lipoid pneumonia?

Answer 11

Pneumonia caused by inhalation of lipids. Can be caused by vitamin E acetate in THC vapes.