8. Protests Flashcards
Civil right movement
African Americans were denied equal rights, facing violence, economic oppression, and exclusion from political systems
Significant Events in the Civil Rights Movement
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956): Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger
Led to the desegregation of buses in Montgomery.
Sit-Ins (1960): Students staged sit-ins at segregated lunch counters, starting in Greensboro, North Carolina.
This tactic spread, challenging segregation in public spaces
Key Figures in Civil Rights Movement (3)
Martin Luther King Jr.: Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); symbol of nonviolent resistance.
Rosa Parks: Her defiance during the Montgomery Bus Boycott became a symbol of resistance.
Malcolm X: Advocated for Black empowerment and self-defense, challenging nonviolent approaches.
Apartheid Movement
Apartheid was a system of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa (1948–1994) designed to maintain white minority rule over the nonwhite majority.
Significant Events in Apartheid
Sharpeville Massacre (1960): Police killed 69 peaceful protesters, drawing international condemnation.
Soweto Uprising (1976): Student protests against mandatory Afrikaans education led to violent crackdowns, galvanizing global anti-apartheid movements.
Key Figures in Apartheid (3)
Nelson Mandela: Leader of the African National Congress (ANC) and a global symbol of resistance; later became South Africa’s first Black president.
Desmond Tutu: Clergyman and anti-apartheid activist who advocated for peaceful protests and reconciliation.
FW de Klerk: The last apartheid-era president who initiated reforms leading to the end of apartheid.
Suffragettes Movement
The Suffragettes Movement was a campaign in the late 19th and early 20th centuries advocating for women’s right to vote, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States
Key Figures in Suffragettes (3)
Emmeline Pankhurst: Founder of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), which led militant suffrage campaigns in the UK.
Millicent Fawcett: Leader of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), promoting peaceful advocacy.
Alice Paul: American suffragist who organized protests and hunger strikes, instrumental in securing the 19th Amendment in the U.S.
Significant Events in Suffragettes
“Black Friday” (1910): Violent clashes between suffragettes and police during a protest against the failure of a suffrage bill in the UK.
Passing of the 19th Amendment (1920): Secured women’s voting rights in the United States after decades of activism.
Social Protests
Public demonstrations that aim to draw attention to social injustice and promote social change
