10. Peace and Conflict ✅ Flashcards
Fascism
Totalitarian state which collects a group of frustrated and angry people who put their trust behind one leader
Fascism values
Male dominated
Glory to aggression
Exclusive Community
How does Fascism bring people together?
-National unification
-Racial Cleansing
-Return to ‘traditional’ roles and values
Authoritarianism
A system where a leader or small group holds strong power, but people might still have some personal freedoms.
It doesn’t necessarily control all aspects of life like a totalitarian regime.
Political opposition is suppressed, but some social and economic institutions may remain independent.
Totalitarianism
A system where the government has total control over all aspects of life, including politics, economy, society, culture, and even people’s thoughts.
There is often a single ruling party or dictator.
It uses propaganda, censorship, mass surveillance, and state terrorism to maintain control.
Fire destroyed building in Germany
Reichstag Building in Berlin Feb 1933
Hitler and Nazis claimed it was a terrorist attack by communists
How did Hitler get power?
People were angry from first world war and wanted one leader to take control.
Using a combination of political tactics, violence and intimidation, Hitler and Nazis gained parliamentary support.
Which act give Hitler total power?
The Enabling Act
March 1933
Done by Vote
Antiseminism
Hatred and Prejudice against Jews
Nuremburg Laws
Sep 15th 1995
Allowed persecution of Jews.
Jews were stripped of their German citizenship because they didn’t have ‘German Blood’
Intermarriage between Jews and Germans was prohibited
Why were Nazis antiseminists?
German Fascists believed Jews posed a threat to wellbeing of the nation. Nazi leadership exploited this fear to gain public support
When did Italy become a fascist state?
Economic Crisis of 1920-1930
Backstory of Fascist Italy
Lead by Benito Mussolini –> Formed a street fighting group called ‘Blackshirts’ to support landowners in the crisis.
How did this violence in Italy shape Fascism?
Created fascist belief that violence is the true path to manhood
Socialism is the fascist’s biggest enemy
Fascists learnt violence is an effective political tool
Italianization and it’s goal
Mussolini and fascists saw ethnic minorities as impediments to become a purely Italian state.
Non-Italians could become Italian if they assimilated Italian culture and pledged loyalty to the nation.
Why many people in Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union embraced fascist or authoritarian ideologies and actions, even those that were violent and repressive? (6)
- Economic Hardship and Instability
- Nationalism and a Desire for Strength
*Italians felt cheated after WWI, fueling Mussolini’s nationalist movement - Charismatic Leaders and Propaganda
- Fear and Repression
- Desire for Order and Stability: Authoritarian leaders promised law and order after years of political chaos.
- Indoctrination and Youth Movements: Brainwashed younger generations to be loyal to the regime.
What were the MAIN causes of WWI?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
Imperialism meaning
A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means
How did militarism contribute to WWI?
Countries built large armies and developed advanced weapons, creating an arms race and making war more likely
How did nationalism contribute to WWI?
Intense pride in one’s nation led to conflicts, such as the Balkan tensions and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
What role did alliances play in WWI?
Complex alliances (Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy & Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia) pulled many nations into the war
What was the immediate cause of WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist
What was the League of Nations?
An international organization formed in 1920 to prevent future wars (but it was weak)
Comprised of countries:
United Kingdom 🇬🇧
France 🇫🇷
Italy 🇮🇹
Japan 🇯🇵
Failed to stop world war 2 and was replaced by the UN.
The League of Nations failed because it lacked enforcement power, had no military force, and key nations (like the U.S. never joining, and Germany, Japan, and Italy leaving) undermined its authority. It was unable to prevent aggression from rising powers
How did WWI affect women’s roles in society?
Women took on jobs in factories and as nurses, leading to greater demands for suffrage
Scientific and Technological Influence of WW1
Blood Banks and Medical Advancements
Before World War I, blood transfusions were rare and risky due to the lack of knowledge about blood types and preservation methods. However, the large number of battlefield casualties forced medical professionals to develop new life-saving techniques, leading to innovations that still impact modern medicine.
Developed by Dr. Oswald Hope Robertson in 1917
Impact of WW1 (4)
Economic Consequences & Global Depression
Political Transformations & Collapse of Empires
Social Changes & Impact on Civil Rights
Technological & Medical Advancements
