7. Urbanization ✅ Flashcards
Causes of Urbanisation
Natural increase in population
Rural to urban migration
Push Factors for Rural Areas
Mechanism of agriculture (leading to significantly less workforce required)
Lack of quality secondary/ higher education
Poor service provision and infrastructure (internet, cell-phone, piped water, reliable electricity, etc.)
Pull Factors for Urban Areas
Range of entertainment and leisure services (restaurants, cinemas, shopping malls, etc.)
Universities, colleges
Better healthcare- main hospitals
Range of job opportunities (IT, banking, politics, office jobs)
Higher Wages
Push Factors for Urban Areas
Poverty
Fear
Disasters
Unemployment
2 types of Settlements
1) Urban Settlement
2) Rural Settlement
What is a settlement?
A settlement is place where people live
What 6 factors classify or describe a settlement?
1) Site (The land which the settlement is built on)
2) Hierarchy
3) Type
4) Shape/ Pattern
5) Size
6) Function
Characteristics of Rural Settlements
A rural settlement is characterized by its sparse population, expansive natural landscapes, an economy primarily centered around agriculture and local resources, and a strong sense of community rooted in tradition.
Characteristics of Urban Settlements
An urban settlement is characterized by a high population density, diverse economic opportunities, and well-developed infrastructure that fosters a vibrant mix of cultural, residential, and commercial activities.
Settlement Hierarchy
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Conurbation
City
Large Town
Small Town
Village
Hamlet
Isolated Dwelling
5 main reasons for the growing of urban slums
1) Large-scale migration from rural areas to cities
2) Rapid urbanization
3) Poverty
4) Lack of government planning
5) Discrimination and social exclusion
What basic necessities do people in slums lack?
Durable walls
A secure lease or title
Adequate living space
Access to safe drinking water and toilets
In what ways to slum communities function?
Have their own social hierarchies, commerce, and even a degree of home-grown government
Some slums have thriving businesses
Strong social bonds
Why is eradicating slums difficult?
Economic Factors: People who lack the resources to relocate or afford better housing live in slums. Eradicating slums without providing adequate alternatives can increase poverty and social inequality.
How to improve the life of people living in slums?
Affordable Housing (subsidised housing)
Improved Infrastructure
Education and Employment (accessible education and more job opportunities)
Gentrification
Higher income residents taking over previously lower income communities
Why is gentrification bad?
As it almost always leads to displacement of the lower income communities
8 aspects of Eagen’s wheel for sustainable communities
Great tasty eggs, sweet, salty, eat eggs hot.
Government
Transportation & Connectivity
Environment
Social & Cultural
Services
Equity
Economy
Housing
