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EPHE 344 > #8. Mechanism of Musculoskeletal Injury & Innjury Classifications > Flashcards

#8. Mechanism of Musculoskeletal Injury & Innjury Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

“An external force acting on the body causing

internal reactions within the tissues”

A

load - tissue properties

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2
Q

“Ability of a tissue to resist a load”

A

Stiffness - greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can

resist

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3
Q

“internal resistance to a load”

A

stress - tissue propterties

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4
Q

“internal change in tissue (eg. length) resulting in deformation”

A

strain - tissue properties

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5
Q

“The amount of
deformation viscoelastic tissues can tolerate
before succumbing to stress”

A

stress/strain relationship

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6
Q

TEPNF acronym for stress strain relationship?

A

Toeing, Elastic, Plastic, Necking, Failure

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7
Q

In an indirect impact injury, where does the injury happen?

A

away from the point of injury

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8
Q

Tissue Loading: Force that results in tissue
crush – two forces applied
towards one another

A

compression

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9
Q

Tissue Loading: force that pulls and stretches tissue

A

tension

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10
Q

Tissue Loading: Force that moves across the

parallel organization of tissue

A

shearing

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11
Q 
Tissue Loading:
 -two force pairs act at
opposite ends of a structure (4 points)
-three forces cause bending (3 points)
-already bowed structures encounter axial loading
A

Bending

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12
Q

Tissue Loading:
-loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from opposite ends
-shear stress encountered will
be perpendicular and parallel to the loads
-ends up tearing muscle tissue too usually

A

Torsion

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13
Q

Burst fracture of the spine is an example of what type of tissue loading?

A

Compression

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14
Q

A hamstring strain is an example of what type of tissue loading?

A

Tension

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15
Q

Spondylolisthesis (vertebrae sliding over each other) is an example of what type of tissue loading?

A

shear stress

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16
Q

ACL injury is an example of what tissue loading?

A

torsion

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17
Q

“Pinching of intervening
tissue between two
bony structures”

A

impingement

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18
Q

Where is impingement the most common?

A

at the hips and shoulders because of the bursa there that are supposed to cushion forces, allowing tendons to slide

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19
Q

Injury Classification according to what 4 criteria?

A
  1. Stage of injury or healing
  2. Severity of injury
  3. Type of tissue damaged/injured
  4. Type of mechanism
20
Q

A musculotendon injury is a sprain/strain?

A

strain

21
Q

“the bursa that is wrapped around the tendon that is inflamed”

A

tenosynovitis

22
Q

What degree of muscle injury is this? “Complete rupture of muscle or musculotendinous junction. Significant impairment. Great deal of pain initially but diminishes due to nerve damage”

A

3rd degree

23
Q

What degree of muscle injury is this? “Multiple fibers torn. Active contraction painful. Divot is palpable. Some swelling and discolouration”

A

2nd degree - you could lose your fingers in where the tear is

24
Q

What degree of muscle injury is this? “Some fibers stretched or torn. Full ROM, but painful”

A

1st degree

25
Q

Loss of sodium or electrolyte balance can cause muscle ____.

A

cramps

26
Q

“Following injury, muscles within an effected area contract to splint the area in an effort to minimize pain through limitation of motion”

A

muscle guarding

27
Q

Two types of muscle spasms?

A

clonic and tonic

28
Q

___ spasm is alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick
succession

A

clonic - eg. eye twitch

29
Q

___ spasm is rigid
contraction that lasts
a period of time

A

tonic - eg. painful cramps in feet/calves

30
Q

RICE acronym?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

31
Q

A ____ is a bruise that results form a sudden traumatic blow that compresses the soft or bony tissues. It creates hemorrhaging which causes ____.

A

contusions

ecchymosis (discoloration of skin)

32
Q

Why is it important to do RICE with a contusion?

A

The body might get confused and end up laying down bone instead of muscle tissue - bad

33
Q

Breaking point for tendon injuries is at -% of increased length.

A

6-8

34
Q

Tears in tendon injuries generally occur where?

A

in the muscle and not tendon

35
Q

“Gradual onset, with diffuse tenderness
due to repeated microtrauma and
degenerative changes”

A

tendinitis

36
Q

key to treatment for tendinitis?

A

rest

37
Q

If tendinitis is not allowed to properly heal, what occurs?

A

Tendinosis - less inflammation but more visibly swollen with stiffness and restricted motion

38
Q

How do you treat tendinosis?

A

stretching and strengthening

39
Q

What is tenosynovitis?

A

inflammation of the synovial sheath

40
Q

Ligamentous Sprains: SHARP acronym?

A 
Swelling
Heat
Altered function
Redness
Pain
41
Q

“result of traumatic joint twist that causes stretching or tearing of connective tissue”

A

ligamentous sprains - results in SHARP

42
Q

“Brief, transient injury
involving partial
dislocation & spontaneous joint relocation”

A

subluxation - result in separation of bony articulating surfaces

43
Q

Dislocations are most often seen in high ___ sports.

A

velocity

44
Q

What do you need to apply to prevent osteoporosis?

A

stress

45
Q

Greenstick bone fractures are common in what type of people?

A

people who havent grown yet

46
Q

If someone gets an oblique fracture, what do they usually get?

A

screws

47
Q

What type of fracture occurs when a rotary force is applied during the break?

A

spiral fracture

EPHE 344 (10 decks)

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