#7. Environmental Considerations & Common Medical Conditions

Question 1

“heat loss from a warmer object to a cooler object - indirectly”

Answer 1

manners of heat dissipation: radiation

Question 2

“warmer body gives off heat to cooler objects - directly”

Answer 2

manners of heat dissipation: conduction

Question 3

“cooler air blowing over body will cool off the body”

Answer 3

manners of heat dissipation: convection

Question 4

“perspiration form on surface of skin and evaporates, carrying the heat with it”

Answer 4

manners of heat dissipation: evaporation

Question 5

for temperatures that are less then 20 degrees Celsius, what are the primary ways to dissipate heat?

Answer 5

conduction and evaporation

Question 6

for temperatures that are greater then 20 degrees Celsius, what is the primary way to dissipate heat?

Answer 6

evaporation

Question 7

Etiology: when an individual abruptly stops exercising and blood pools therefore not being returned to the brain or heart.
S&S: lightheadedness or fainting
What is it?

Answer 7

Heat Syncope

Question 8

“temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure”

Answer 8

syncope

Question 9

Management for heat syncope?

Answer 9

elevate legs, cool down with towels, re-hydrate, and remove from heat

Question 10

S&S: extreme weakness, profuse sweating, light headedness, impaired ability, headaches, tachycardia, cramping, vomiting or diarrhea, and core temp greater then 39.5 degrees. What is it?

Answer 10

Heat Exhaustion

Question 11

When someone has heat stroke, why do you not want submerge them in water?

Answer 11

A) because they can pass out and drown

B) because if their extremities get to cold to fast then it sends a rush of cold blood to the heart which is a big no no

Question 12

Etiology: body is unable to dissipate heat and results in a core temp that is greater then 40 degrees
S&S: sudden collapse, LOC, flushed, hot skin, shallow breathing and rapid pulse
What is this?

Answer 12

Heat Stroke

Question 13

Which do you call 911 for, heat exhaustion or heat stroke?

Answer 13

heat stroke

Question 14

Which causes skin to feel cold, clammy and look pale, heat exhaustion or stroke?

Answer 14

exhaustion

Question 15

Rapid weak pulse is heat ____ while rapid strong pulse is heat _____.

Answer 15

exhaustion; stroke

Question 16

Do you sweat if you have heat stroke?

Answer 16

nope

Question 17

“preventable disorder involving fluid-electrolyte balance; results in abnormally low plasma sodium concentration, and the low levels disrupt the osmotic balance across the BBB which results in a rapid influx of water into the brain causing swelling and unusual neurological responses”

Answer 17

exertional hyponatremia

Question 18

S&S: confusion, seizure, coma - can lead to death because brain-stem ruptures

Answer 18

exertional hyponatremia

Question 19

Hypothermia - problems arise when heat loss exceeds heat production - this results in impairment of ______ function

Answer 19

neuromuscular

Question 20

Etiology: body’s ability to produce heat is impaired and core temp falls to less then 35 degrees
S&S: shivering, numbness, lack of coordination, confused or unusual behavior, slurred speach
What is it?

Answer 20

hypothermia

Question 21

If someone has hypothermia and starts to complain about being to hot and they start to remove clothes, what does this mean?

Answer 21

they are getting close to death

Question 22

Hypothermia

• shivering occurs @ ____
• shivering stops @ ___-___ degrees
• death is imminent @ ___-___degrees

Answer 22

small drops in body temp
29.4-32.2
25-29

Question 23

Why is it important not to rub skin that has frost bite?

Answer 23

Because fluid between the cells has crystallized and has ice crystals so if you rub it then ice shards will damage tissue and vessels

Question 24

At risk temperatures:
Red Flag @ \_\_-\_\_
Amber Flag @ \_\_-\_\_
Green Flag @ \_\_-\_\_
White Flag @ less than \_\_

Answer 24

23-28
18-23
10-18
less than 10

Question 25

Increased height = reduced barometric pressure resulting in decreased partial pressure of oxygen = less saturation of ___ ___ ____

Answer 25

red blood cells

Question 26

During altitude sickness, how does the body compensate?

Answer 26

tachycardia and hyperventilation - responses are a result of having fewer red blood cells than necessary to adequately capture available oxygen

Question 27

What type of altitude illness: chest tightness, persistent cough, frothy sputum, feeling of suffocation during sleep

Answer 27

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

Question 28

What type of altitude illness: headache, disorientation, loss of coordination, memory loss, coma, psychotic behavior

Answer 28

High Altitude Cerebral Edema

Question 29

What type of altitude illness: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, lightheadedness

Answer 29

Acute Mountain Sickness

Question 30

What is the #2 cause of death due to weather phenomena?

Answer 30

lightening

Question 31

Diabetes: Type _ is insulin-dependent - typically occurs in individuals under age 35

Answer 31

I

Question 32

Diabetes: Type _ is non-insulin dependent - occurs in all ages, becoming increasingly prevalent in younger individuals due to childhood obesity

Answer 32

II

Question 33

Vigorous exercise increases peripheral insulin action and enhances ___ tolerance.

Answer 33

glucose

Question 34

Extreme temperatures and unpredictable activity levels may require the administration of rapid-acting ____ for management of diabetes.

Answer 34

carbohydrates

Question 35

Etiology: occurs when the body has too much insulin and too little blood sugar
S&S: tingling in mouth, hands or other parts of body, physical weakness, headaches, abdominal pain, shallow respiration, rapid HR
What is it?

Answer 35

Insulin Shock

Question 36

Etiology: loss of sodium, potassium, and ketone bodies through excessive urination, put off an acetone smell (like nail polish)
S&S: labored breathing, fruity smelling breath, nausea, vomiting, thirst, dry mucous membranes, flushed skin, LOC followed by coma
What is it?

Answer 36

Diabetic Coma

Question 37

“recurrent paroxysmal disorder of cerebral function characterized by periods of altered consciousness, motor activity, sensory phenomena or inappropriate behavior caused by abnormal cerebral neuron discharge”

Answer 37

epilepsy

Question 38

During an epileptic seizure, call 911 if it lasts for longer than ___ minute(s)

Answer 38

1

Question 39

An epileptic seizure lasting 5-15 seconds is called? If it lasts for longer its called?

Answer 39

petit mal seizure

grand mal seizure

Question 40

Etiology: caused by impact of foot as it strikes the surface; impact destroys the normal erythrocytes within vascular system
S&S: mildly enlarged cells, increase in immature RBCs and negatively affect hemoglobin
What is it?

Answer 40

Runners Anemia

Question 41

Etiology: relationship between disordered eating amenorrhea and osteoporosis - often seen in females driven to meet standards of sport or to meet a specific athletic image to attain goals
S&S: disordered eating (bulimia and anorexia) and osteoporosis
What is it?

Answer 41

Female Athlete Triad