#6. Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries Flashcards
Why is it a good idea to encourage kids to pee before they play?
You want to empty hollow organs prior to participation incase rupture occurs.
Where does the first rib lie?
below the clavicle, best palpated form a superior approach
The spleen is protected by the ___ rib on the ___ side.
10th; left
The kidney is protected by the ___ rib.
12th
During ____ the ribs are pulled up and forward.
inspiration
During inspiration, ribs 1-6 increase in the ____ dimension and ribs 7-10 increase in the ____ dimension.
anteroposterior; lateral
If an athlete has pain in their right lower quadrant of the abdominal, what can this mean?
- appendicitis
- inguinal hernia
- constipation
- groin/pelvic pain
Referral patterns for the heart are where?
Right chest and down the medial side of the left arm all the way down the pinky
Referral patterns for the Liver and Gallbladder are where?
Right shoulder (posterior and superior) as well as below scapula and top of right iliac crest
Cyanosis (bluish color of lips, skin and fingernails) can be a sign of?
Chest (thoracic) problems
What is a rib contusion?
When the rib is bruised - causes pain, tenderness, swelling, and purplish tint to the skin
Pain with inspiration, point tenderness and deformity with palpation and coughing up blood are signs and symptoms of?
Rib Fractures
Management for rib fractures?
Xrays and support and rest
“pleural cavity becomes filled with air, negatively pressurizing the cavity, causing a lung to collapse”
pneumothorax
“pleural sac on one side fills with air displacing lung and heart, compressing the opposite lung”
tension pneumothorax
“blood in pleural cavity causes tearing or puncturing of the lungs or pleural tissue”
hemothorax
“result of a violent blow or compression of the rib cage”
traumatic asphyxia
Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) or breathing cessation (apnea), cyanosis (turning blue), pain, hemoptysis and shock are all S&S of?
lung injuries
What is syncope?
passing out
How do you manage hyperventilation?
- calm them down
- breathe through one nostril or pursed lips
“thickening of cardiac muscle with no increase in chamber size”
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - sudden cardiac death syndrome in athletes
What 4 things do you look for when palpating for an abdominal injury?
- any protrusion, bloating or swelling?
- symmetry?
- are the abdominals tight and guarding?
- is the patient splinting?
“abnormality in connective tissue results in weakening of aorta and cardiac vessels”
Marfan’s Syndrome
In which type of people does Marfan’s Syndrome usually occur?
ppl who have a wing span that is larger then their height
“extra electrical pathway; resulting in supraventricular tachycardia”
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Coronary artery and peripheral artery disease, right ventricular displasia, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and aortic stenosis are all etiology for?
Sudden Cardiac Death syndrome
S&S of sudden cardiac death syndrome?
most don’t exhibit signs; might exhibit chest pain, heart palpation, syncope, nausea, profuse sweating, and shortness of breath.
“syndrome resulting in cardiac arrest due to traumatic blunt impact to chest - unfortunate timing; young athletes are at a higher risk because their rib cage is still in the ‘squishy’ growing phase”
Commotio Cordis
Result of an external orce or contra-coup type of injury - S&S = shock, nausea, vomiting, muscle guarding, referred pain around the posterior trunk. What is this?
Kidney Contusion
Etiology: direct blow or mononucleosis
S&S : shock, abdominal rigidity and spasm, pain, nausea, vomiting, Kehr’s sign
What is it?
Ruptured spleen
What is Kehr’s Sign?
When the spleen refers pain up the left shoulder
Etiology: direct blow to the abdomen (blunt or penetrating) or indirectly due to falling - results in diaphragm going into spasm. What is it?
Contusion of Abdominal - Solar Plexus “wind knocked out”
If someone has a solar plexus injury, do you pump their legs into their abdomen?
NO
How to manage “side stitch”?
- stop activity and stretch arm overhead
- forced expiration through pursed lips
“protrusion of abdominal viscera through portion of abdominal wall”
hernia
S&S for sports hernia?
half the pelvic floor and half the scrotum go numb
Etiology: Chronic or acute inflammation, in the early stages it presents as a gastric complaint that gradually develops from red swollen vessel to a gangrenous structure that can rupture into bowels and cause peritonitis. What is it?
appendicitis
S&S: mild to severe pain in the lower abdomen, associated with nausea, vomiting and low grade fever; pain may localize in the lower right abdomen (McBurney’s point). What is it?
appendicitis
S&S: hemorrhaging, fluid effusion, muscle spasm, severe pain (disabling), nausea/vomiting, and shock. What is it?
scrotal contusions
How do you manage scrotal contusions?
- flex knees up
- short breaths until pain recedes
- ice if necessary
- athlete should check to see if both testes are there
- BE AWARE OF SPERMATIC CORD TORSION
Etiology: blunt force to the lower abdomen, hematuria (peeing blood) is often associated with this.
Ruptured bladder
