8. Intelligence and Academic Achievement Flashcards
g (general intelligence)
Cognitive processes that influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks. (Intelligence as a single trait)
Fluid intelligence
The ability to think on the spot to solve novel problems. (Intelligence as a few basic abilities).
Crystallized intelligence
Factual knowledge about the world - reflects long-term memory. (Intelligence as a few basic abilities).
Primary mental abilities
Seven abilities proposed by Thurstone as crucial to intelligence.
Three-stratum theory of intelligence
A proposed theory to combine the three levels of analysis through which we can describe intelligence.
How is the Three-stratum theory of intelligence built up?
General intelligence (g) - general abilities - specific processes. G influences several intermediate-level abilities, which again influences a variety of specific processes.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
Widely used test designed to measure intelligence of children 6 years and older.
IQ (Intelligence quotient)
A quantitative measure of a Childs intelligence relative to that of other children of the same age.
Does IQ scores fall into a normal distribution, and what is the mean score and SD?
Yes. The means score is 100, with a standard deviation of 15.
Flynn effect
Consistent rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the past 80 years in many countries.
Multiple intelligence theory
Gardner´s theory of intellect, based on the view that people possesses at least eight types of intelligence.
Theory of successful intelligence
Sternberg´s theory of intellect based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life.
Self-disciplin
Ability to inhibit actions, follow rules and avoid impulsive behavior.
Phonemic awareness
Ability to identify component sounds within words.
Phonological recoding skills
Ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words; informally called sounding out.
