8. Inappropriate activation of the immune system Flashcards
Immune reactant of type 1 response and antigen
IgE
Soluble antigen
Immune reactant of type II response
IgG
Cell/matrix associated antigen or cell surface receptor
Immune reactant of type III response
IgG
Soluble antigen
Immune reactants of type IV response
Th1 Th2 - soluble antigen
CTL - cell associated antigen
Type I effector mechanism
Mast cell activation
Type II effector mechanisms
for cell/matrix associated antigen - complement
for cell surface receptor - antibody alters signalling
Type III effector mechanism
Complement, phagocytes
Type IV effector mechanisms
Th1 - macrophage activation
Th2 - IgE production, eosinophil activation
CTL - cytotoxicity
Example of type I
allergic asthma
allergic rhinitis
Example of type II
drug allergies e.g. penicillin chronic urticaria (cell surface receptor)
Example of type III
serum sickness
arthus reaction
Example of type IV
Th1 - allergic contact dermitis
Th2 - chronic asthma
CTL- craft rejection
Treatment which targets mediator action
antihistamines
beta blockers
Treatment which targets chronic inflammatory reactions
corticosteroids
Treatment which targets Th2 response
Desensitisation therapy by injections of specific antigen
Treatment which targets IgE binding to mast cell
Anti IgE antibodies (omalizumab)
Organ specific autoimmune disorders
TIDM
MS
Crohn’s disease
psoriasis
System specific autoimmune disorders
arthritis
scleroderma
polymyositis
Type II autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Acute rheumatic fever
Treatments for crohn’s
Aminosalicylates
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Biologics like infliximab, certolizumab, natalizumab
