8. Database Fundamentals

Question 1

Database = ___ + ___ + _____

Answer 1

Data; Database Management System (DBMS); Associated applications

Question 2

Database advantages over files (4)

Answer 2

Multiple concurrent users; scalability; speed (SQL); variety of data elements

Question 3

each table contains

Answer 3

information about a single subject or topic (customers, products, etc)

Question 4

each column (field) contains

Answer 4

information about a single characteristic of the table subject (name, address, etc)

Question 5

each row (record) contains

Answer 5

information about a single instance of the table subject (individual customer, etc)

Question 6

keys are

Answer 6

special purpose database fields used to define relationships between tables

Question 7

the purpose of the primary key is to

Answer 7

allow the database to uniquely identify each record in the table (customer ID)

Question 8

constraints are

Answer 8

business rules that define what values we can enter into a column/field (age range)

Question 9

the purpose of the foreign key is to

Answer 9

define the relationships between tables

Question 10

the foreign key is

Answer 10

the primary key in another table

Question 11

2 major sub languages for SQL

Answer 11

Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Question 12

DDL ____

Answer 12

Defines/modifies the structure of the database

Question 13

4 commands for DDL

Answer 13

CREATE; ALTER; DROP, Permissions

Question 14

DML _____

Answer 14

Modifies the contents of a database

Question 15

4 commands for DML

Answer 15

SELECT; INSERT; DELETE; UPDATE

Question 16

CREATE -

Answer 16

(DDL) new table within a database or new database on a server

Question 17

ALTER -

Answer 17

(DDL) modifies the structure of an existing database table

Question 18

DROP -

Answer 18

(DDL) deletes an existing table or database (use with caution!)

Question 19

SELECT -

Answer 19

(DML) Queries or retrieves information from within a database (most common command)

Question 20

INSERT -

Answer 20

(DML) adds a new record to a database table

Question 21

DELETE -

Answer 21

(DML) removes a record from a database table

Question 22

UPDATE -

Answer 22

(DML) modifies existing records in a database table

Question 23

2 ways to access a database

Answer 23

Write SQL commands; Programmatic access (software sends SQL commands - user input forms)

Question 24

Non-relational databases trade

Answer 24

constraints for speed

Question 25

Key Value Stores are

Answer 25

databases designed for storing/retrieving key-value pairs

Question 26

Key Value pairs are

Answer 26

a semi-structured way to store data and indexed by a key

Question 27

Document Stores are

Answer 27

specialized databases designed to store large documents, like JSON and XML files (indexed with a key)