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IT Fundamentals > 3. Computing Infrastructure > Flashcards

3. Computing Infrastructure Flashcards

1
Q

The OS is

A

system software that manages all of the other software and hardware on a computer

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2
Q

Workstations provide

A

high performance computing (a specialized device)

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3
Q

Severs are

A

powerful computers that carry out a dedicated function (Share files internally, host a website, run a database, etc)

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4
Q

ICS systems =

A

Industrial Control Systems (rely on IoT devices) - electric, gas, water

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5
Q

IoT =

A

physical objects that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet

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6
Q

Processing Cores are

A

units within the CPU. Each core is essentially a separate CPU within the same chip. Multiple cores allow the CPU to multitask

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7
Q

CPUs are measured by their (3)

A

Clock Speed (GHz), number of processing cores, and by how much memory they can manage at the same time

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8
Q

2 companies that make Windows processors

A

Intel and AMD

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9
Q

32 bit CPUs (processors) could manage up to

A

4 GB (gigabytes) of memory

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10
Q

64 bit CPUs (processors) can manage up to

A

17 billion GB (gigabytes) of memory

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11
Q

Different type of CPU for mobile devices

A

ARM processors (low power consumption)

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12
Q

The Motherboard (system board) is a

A
  • printed circuit board, which connects the CPU to memory, interfaces, and other system components
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13
Q

UEFI is

A

(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) a small OS stored on the mother board that loads and starts the full OS from the hard drive

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14
Q

BIOS and UEFI are

A

Small OSs stored on the motherboard that loads and starts the full OS from the hard drive

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15
Q

BIOS is

A

(Basic Input/Output System) a small OS stored on the mother board that loads and starts the full OS from the hard drive

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16
Q

RAM

A

stores actively used software and data
- not persistent

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17
Q

Firmware is

A

‘embedded’ software in a hardware device that provides basic machine instructions and allows the hardware to function and communicate with other software running on a device

18
Q

Used for persistent storage

A

Disk drives - magnetic (HDD) and solid state (SSD)

19
Q

usually on the motherboard, they connect to both wired and wireless networks

A

NICS (Network Interface Cards)

20
Q

GPU

A

(Graphics Processing Units) for the intensive calculations required for complex graphics. Useful for data science, analytics, gaming, video, and blockchain applications (heavy math)

21
Q

Drivers (Device Drivers) =

A

small software that allows the OS to communicate with peripherals

22
Q

Shared Devices

A

(printers, etc.) connect directly to the network over a network IP connection. Have web-based interfaces that allow administrators to configure and manage them remotely

23
Q

USB three types:

A

A, B, and C (Universal Serial Bus)

24
Q

Specialized connector designed by Apple

A

Firewire 400 and 800 (both are rare)

25
Q

Video display connectors (5)

A

VGA, DVI, HDMI, Display Port/Mini Display port, and USB-C

26
Q

VGA

A

(Video Graphics Array) low resolution: 640 x 480. (Older - video only)

27
Q

DVI

A

(Digital Visual Interface) Support HD video, but only up to 1080p resolution. (Older - video only)

28
Q

HDMI

A

(High Definition Multimedia Interface) Can carry audio and video on same wire(s) and supports high resolution video up to 5k and beyond

29
Q

Display Port/Mini Display Port

A

Also support high resolution video up to 5k and beyond

30
Q

USB-C

A

carry audio, video, and power when using the Thunderbolt standard. Can run at the maximum resolution standards available today.

31
Q

Thunderbolt

A

(Hardware interface standard designed by intel) Allows both data and power to be sent over the same wire. 1st 2 versions used mini-display connectors, new versions use USB- C

32
Q

2 main categories of storage

A

Volatile and non-volatile

33
Q

Volatile is designed to be

A

Temporary, and contains all of the data that a computer is actively working with (RAM - very fast but expensive)

34
Q

Non-volatile storage is designed to be

35
Q

7 types of non-volatile storage

A

HDD, SSD, Flash Drives, Optical storage (CD/DVD), Cloud (Block level), File servers, Network Attached Storage (NAS)

36
Q

Magnetic Hard Drives (HDD - Hard Disk Drives) contain

A

platters of magnetic material spinning quickly, and a head reads/writes magnetic charges to the platter

37
Q

SSD use

A

stored electrical charges

38
Q

Optical storage uses

A

lasers to etch data onto a removable disk

39
Q

File Servers

A

a computer on a network with a lot of hard drives installed in it (For businesses that don’t wish to use the cloud)

40
Q

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

A

self-contained file servers that plug directly into a network (optimized for small businesses)

IT Fundamentals (8 decks)

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