2. IT Concepts and Terminology

Question 1

4 basic things that any computing device does:

Answer 1

1. Obtaining input (data); 2. Storing Data 3. Processing Data 4. Providing Output (in order for the computer to be useful to us)

Question 2

Obtaining input is when

Answer 2

when we provide information (data) to the device. Can be user input, from other computers, from stored data, sensors, etc.

Question 3

Storing data

Answer 3

One of 2 things a computer can do with input. Can be local, drive, cloud, etc

Question 4

Processing data

Answer 4

One of 2 things a computer can do with input. Analyzing, performing calculations/operations on the data (mostly done by the CPU)

Question 5

Providing output

Answer 5

Reports back the results of the processing - screen output, instructions for another device on how it should perform, etc.

Question 6

Data =

Answer 6

bits of information - raw facts that systems process, generate, and collect

Question 7

Information =

Answer 7

data that has been processed and analyzed (and put in context)

Question 8

Data-driven business decision (3 stages)

Answer 8

Data capture and collection, Data correlation/analysis, Reporting

Question 9

Copyrights

Answer 9

automatically granted once the work is created (life + 70 years, then public domain)

Question 10

Trademarks

Answer 10

Must register first (renew every 10 years, invalid after 5 years of non-use)

Question 11

Patents must meet 3 criteria

Answer 11

Novel, useful, non-obvious (last 20 years from filing date)

Question 12

A bit is

Answer 12

The basic unit of storage, a single value of either 0 or 1 (2 possible values).

Question 13

Adding a new bit

Answer 13

doubles the number of possible values we can store

Question 14

A petabyte is

Answer 14

1,000 terabytes (1,000 trillion bytes)

Question 15

Networks transmit data by

Answer 15

sending pulses that represent 1s and 0s. When there is a signal present that is a 1, and when the signal is absent that is a 0.

Question 16

Wired networks use

Answer 16

pulses of electricity over coper wires

Question 17

Wireless networks use

Answer 17

radio waves to transmit radio signal pulses

Question 18

fiberoptic networks use

Answer 18

stands of glass to transmit pulses of light

Question 19

4 similar terms to describe network capacity

Answer 19

speed, throughput, capacity and bandwidth

Question 20

Computer clocks are measured (CPUs)

Answer 20

in multiples of Hz

Question 21

in decimal notation, each additional digit increased the number of values that can be stored by

Answer 21

a factor of 10

Question 22

Hexidecimal notations works with multiples of

Answer 22

16

Question 23

Each hexidecimal digit can store

Answer 23

16 possible values, from 0-15

Question 24

The standard code in English that describes what numeric value to use for each alphanumeric character and symbol

Answer 24

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - one byte per character

Question 25

Standard code for other languages that can represent 1,000s of different characters

Answer 25

Unicode - uses either 8 or 16 bits of data

Question 26

Each data object used by an application has

Answer 26

an associated data type that tells the computer how to handle the data it encounters

Question 27

The most basic data type is the

Answer 27

Boolean object/data type - single bit 1 (true) or 0 (false) - boolean values AKA ‘flags’

Question 28

Integer values store

Answer 28

whole numbers

Question 29

Float values store

Answer 29

decimal numbers (more precision but takes up more memory)

Question 30

String values store

Answer 30

multiple characters strung together (word, sentence, or paragraph -and ZIP codes!)

Question 31

char values store

Answer 31

a single character - consumes a single byte in the ASCII-ian coding system)

Question 32

8 problem solving steps:

Answer 32

1. Identify the problem (what the user is experiencing); 2. Conduct research (Google - Error message?); 3. Establish a Theory of Probably Cause (make an educated guess & question obvious assumptions); 4. Test the Theory (True - move forward, False - return to previous step); 5. Establish a Plan of Action; 6. Implement the Solution or Escalate the Problem; 7. Verify System Functionality/Preventive Measures; 8. Document/Report Findings