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IT Fundamentals > 5. Operating Systems > Flashcards

5. Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

layer of abstraction

A

hides the details of the hardware from software applications (developers don’t need to design for every possible hardware configuration, just the OS)

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2
Q

the OS acts as an

A

interface between you and your computer, and between the hardware and software

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3
Q

6 roles of the OS

A

Disk Management; Memory Management (RAM); Process Scheduling (CPU time); Application Management (kill processes); Managing peripherals (drivers); Cyber Security (access control)

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4
Q

4 different types of OS

A

Workstation; Mobile; Server; Embedded (IoT)

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5
Q

The file system describes

A

how the data is stored - finding the bits and assembling them into hierarchical directories

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6
Q

the extension tells

A

the OS what type of file and what application to use

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7
Q

Compression …

A

reduces file sizes by replacing duplicate data by using placeholders for duplicate words

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8
Q

Journaling

A

the file system maintains a log (journal) of all the changes it plans to make

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9
Q

The modern Windows file system

A

NTFS

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10
Q

Older Windows file system

A

FAT32 - does not support encryption, compression or journaling

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11
Q

Linux file system

A

ext4

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12
Q

3 file systems for Apple

A

HFS (older), HFS+, APFS (works well with SSDs - replaces journaling with other crash protection technology)

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13
Q

Applications are stored as

A

executable files = a program the OS should run (execute) rather than data to read, etc.

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14
Q

File extension for Windows executeables

A

.EXE

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15
Q

File extension for Android executeables

A

.APK

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16
Q

A process is

A

an instance of an application that is actively in use (stored in memory)

17
Q

Web browsers run multiple

A

processes, one for each tab - allocates separate resources for each page

18
Q

Services are

A

processes that run in the background (memory, disk access, networking, etc)

19
Q

Drivers are

A

software components that tell different OSs how to interact with the same hardware

20
Q

2 console utilities for Windows

A

Command Shell and Power Shell

21
Q

mainframes were replaced by

A

the client/server model

22
Q

a hypervisor is

A

special software that creates and runs virtual machines

23
Q

2 types of hypervisors

A

Bare metal (data centers, Cloud IaaS) and OS-based (virtual box)

24
Q

FAT 32 file size

A

4GB (Windows file system)

25
Q

NTFS file size

A

16EB (Windows file system)

26
Q

ext4 file size

A

16TB (Linux file system)

27
Q

HFS

A

2GB (Mac file system)

28
Q

HFS+

A

16EB (Mac file system)

29
Q

APFS

A

16EB (Mac file system)

30
Q

3 Common Type 1 Hypervisors

A

VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V

IT Fundamentals (8 decks)

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