8. Crime And Punishment- Christianity Flashcards
Conflict
A serious disagreement or argument typically a protracted one ( drawn out)
War
A state of armed conflict between 2 or more societies generally characterised by extreme aggression, destruction and morality using regular/irregular military forces.
Causes of war?
Scarcity of resources e.g oil, water Ideological conflicts Religious conflicts Racial reservations Power/ influence Alliance/duty/honour
Just War Principled?
- The war must be started and controlled by the official authority/ruler.
- There must be a good reason/ just cause.
- For good, against evil- law and order must be restored afterwards.
- A last resort.
- Fought fairly.
- Must be possible to win.
- The good gained in victory must be greater than the evil which led to the war.
When a group declares it is fighting a ‘holy war’, they mean…
That they believe God is on their side.
Pacifism
The belief that war and violence are unjustifiable and that all disputed should be settled by peaceful means.
Conscientious objector (CO)
An individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience and/or religion.
Who is Dietrich Bonhoeffer?
A christian who was originally a pacifist , but changed his mind and ended up getting arrested for smuggling Jews to Switzerland and later admitted to aiding in the assasination attempt “Valkyrie” to kill Hitler.
Justice
The quality or principle of being just, impartial, or fair.
Where crime is concerned, justice means dealing with a crime in a way that is fair to the criminal; the victim and society.
What does the criminal justice system do?
Responsible for detecting crime and dealing with it through justice.
Aims to bring justice for all by convicting and punishing criminals and protecting society.
The aims of punishment:
Retribution Protection Reformation Deterrence Vindication
Capital punishment
The death penalty for a crime or offence.
When did the death penalty end?
With the Murder Act in 1965.
How many states in the USA still have the death penalty?
37 of the 50
Types of capital punishment…
Electrocution
Hanging
Lethal injection
Stoning
Social injustice
Relates to the unfairness or injustice in a society, in its divisions of rewards and burdens and other inequalities.
Distribution if advantages and disadvantages in society aren’t equal.
When a group of people are not treated fairly.
Liberation theology
A radical and controversial movement that grew up in South America as a response to the poverty and the ill-treatment of ordinary people.
Who is Oscar Romero?
One of the most high profile clerics associated with liberation theology and he was the Archbishop of San Salvador.
What does the liberation theology say?
- The church should be a movement for those who were denied their rights and plunged into such poverty that they were deprived of their full status as human beings.
- The bible should be read and experienced from the perspective of the poor.
- The poor should take the example of Jesus and use it to bring about a just society.
What is Article 5 in ‘The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights’?
‘No one shall be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.’
Who was Elizabeth Fry?
An english prison reformer, social reformer and a Quaker. Sometimes referred to as the “angel of prisons.”
Fry was a major driving force behind new legislation to make the treatment of prisoners more humane.
What two organisations did Fry help found?
In 1817 she helped found the ASSOCIATION FOR THE REFORMATION OF THE FEMALE PRISONERS IN NEWGATE. This led to the eventual creation of the BRITISH LADIES’ SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING THE REFORMATION OF FEMALE PRISONERS.
