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General Pathology Exam 1 > 8 - Chemical Injury > Flashcards

8 - Chemical Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What is toxic to cilia?

A

Formaldehyde

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2
Q

What are the 2 main classes of carcinogens?

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Nitrosamines

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3
Q

What causes the alcohol related toxic effect of a decrease in NAD required for FAO –> Fatty Liver?

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

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4
Q

What causes the alcohol related competition with other drugs leading to toxicities?

A

Cyto P450 enzymes (CYP2E1)

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5
Q

What are the 2 chronic effects of Ethyl Alcohol?

A

Thiamine Deficiency –> peripheral neuropathy

FAS (especially in 1st trimester)

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6
Q

What do metabolites of methyl alcohol cause?

A

metabolic acidosis –> blindness

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7
Q

What is a treatment for Methyl Alcohol that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

Fomepizole

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8
Q

What is a treatment for Methyl Alcohol that is a competitive binder to the enzyme?

A

Ethanol

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9
Q

What does Carbon Tetrachloride cause?

A

Centro lobular Necrosis

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10
Q

What is the risk associated with Benzene (rubber industry)?

A

leukemia

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11
Q

What is the risk associated with Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (coal and gas combustion)

A

lung and bladder cancer

chimney sweeps –> scrotal cancer

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12
Q

What is the risk associated with PCBs and Dioxin?

A

Chloracne

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13
Q

What is the risk associated with Vinyl Chloride in Polyvinyl Resins?

A

Angiosarcoma of Liver

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14
Q

What is the risk associated with Mineral Dust?

A

Cases Pneumoconioses

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15
Q

What are the symptoms associated with CO?

A

cherry-red color of blood and dependent skin

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16
Q

What does CO form?

A

carboxyhemoglobin –> incapable of binding O2

17
Q

What are the sources of Cyanide?

A

peach and apricot pits

18
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Cyanide?

A

cherry-red blood, bitter almond odor on breath

19
Q

What is the treatment for Cyanide Toxicity?

A

Nitrite (produces methemoglobin –> complexes with and dissociated the enzyme bound cyanide)

20
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Arsenic Toxicity?

A

dark brown/black skin pigmentation and hyperkeratosis (palms and soles)

21
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Lead Toxicity?

A
  • Lead Line of Gingiva
  • Heme synthesis impaired
  • Lead Colic
  • Children –> increased bone density
  • Adults –> peripheral neuropathy
22
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Acute Mercury Poisoning?

A

erosion of oral and gastric mucosa

23
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Chronic Mercury Poising?

A

gingival line, and eosinophilic globules in renal tubules

24
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Acute Cadmium Toxicity?

A

obstructive lung disease caused by necrosis of alveolar macrophages

25
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Chronic Cadmium Toxicity?

A

synthesis of metallothionein –> damages PCT –> proteinuria –> End stage renal disease

26
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Chromium Toxicity?

A

Hexavalent Cr –> DNA damage

27
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Nickel Toxicity?

A

DNA damage –> inactivate Tumor suppressor genes by hypermethylation

General Pathology Exam 1 (11 decks)

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