8. Bugs, Mosquitos, Blackflies, Sandflies, Biting midges, Horseflies, Tsetse flies, Forest flies Flashcards
1
Q
Bugs (Hemiptera order)
A
- Ciimex and Triatoma species
- temporary, blood-sucking, nocturnal parasites of mammals and birds
2
Q
?
A
- Cimex lectularius bed bug
- forewings reduced, hind wings absent
- 5-7 mm, with scent gland
- vets can’t treat bed bugs infestations
3
Q
?
A
- Triatoma spp - kissing/assassin bug
- 20-28 mm
- membranous hind wings, triangular shield between
4
Q
Bugs. Development
A
- epimorphosis with 5 nymphal stages
- develop where they hide during the day - cracks, crevices
- nymphs resemble the adults, suck blood before moulting to the next stage
5
Q
Lesser mealworm or darkling beetle
A
- Alphitobius diaperinus
- economical pest - can be found in feed, litter, manure
- reservoir of poultry pathogens
- tunnelling activity damages insulation of poultry houses
- holometamorphosis with 7-11 larval instars
6
Q
?
A
- Alphitobius diaperinus
- 5 mm, dark reddish brown to bright black
7
Q
Families of Diptera order (that don’t cause myasis)
A
- single pair if membranous wings (may be absent) + a pair of halters
- if parasitic: adults can be found externally =, larvae in wounds, tissues, alimentary tract
- can be vectors of important pathogens
- holometamorphosis
8
Q
Mosquitos. Families
A
- Anopheles
- Culex
- Aedes
- most species nocturnal
- females need blood meal for ovarian development
9
Q
Mosquitos. Morphology
A
- females have piercing-sucking mouthparts
- long antenna: pilose (hairy) in females, plumes (feathery) in males
- Anopheles - characteristically straight in resting position, acute angle with the surface
- Culex, Aedes - blended at thorax, whole body is parallel with the surface
10
Q
Mosquitos. Development
A
EGGS:
- Anopheles - elongated, ovoid or boat shaped, have air-compartments (floating)
- Culex - many eggs next to each other (floating)
- Aedes - alone, blackish, can survive long droughts
LARVAE:
- Culex and Aedes in angle with water surface (have respiratory trumpets (siphons)
- Anopheles - parallel with water surface
11
Q
Vectors of what diseases mosquitos can be?
A
- yellow fever virus
- dengue
- Zika virus
- West Nile virus
- malaria
- heartworms
- and more
12
Q
Blackflies.
A
- most species diurnal, active during early morning or early
- females suck blood and their bites are painful (does not feed from the lumen of blood vessels but lacerates the tissues until a pool of blood is formed and then take it up)
- Simulium columbashcense, Simulium damnosum
13
Q
Blackflies. Morphology
A
- 1,5-6 mm long
- short, stout antenna
- prominent maxillary palps
- in resting position wings go like scissors
14
Q
Blackflies. Development
A
- eggs are ovoid, laid on stones or near running water
- 6-9 larval instars in water rich in phytoplankton
- larvae make cone-like silk structures
15
Q
Blackflies. Clinical signs
A
- biting nuisance, production losses
- mass attack, esp in cattle may cause an acute syndrome: simuliotoxicosis (allergic reaction) with generalised petechia haemorrhages (fine skin surface), oedema of the larynx, abdominal wall
- also in the ears of horses
- sometimes cause anaemia of poultries
16
Q
Blackflies. Vectors of what diseases they are?
A
17
Q
Sandflies
A
- Phlebotominae subfamily
- nocturnal and crepuscular (twilight)
- short-lived, weak flyers
- tropics, subtropics, Mediterranean
- females suck blood, both sexes feed on plant juices
- vector of Leishmaniosis
18
Q
Sandflies. Morphology
A
- 5 mm, dull coloured, hairy body with large, black eyes
- very long antennae, short mouthparts
- wings covered by hairs, held erect, wings veins in straight line
19
Q
Sandflies. Development
A
- eggs are ovoid, laid in cracks, burrows or holes in the ground
- 4 larval instars, resembling caterpillars (covered with bristles)
20
Q
Biting midges. Morphology and development
A
- Culicoides spp
- nocturnal or crepuscular
- 1,5 - 5 mm, long antennae, short mouthparts
- pattern on wings is species-specific
- eggs are slender, laid in batches in moist places
- 4 larval instars
21
Q
Biting midges. Clinical signs and vectors of what diseases they are
A
- may cause acute discomfort
- local reaction: “sweet itch” of horses in withers, base of tail
- allergic dermatitis
Vectors of:
- blue tongue
- epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD)
- African horse sickness
- and more
22
Q
Horseflies. Genera. Morphology
A
- Tabanus, Chrysops, Haematopota
- mostly diurnal (day), active during hot, sunny days, good flyers
- females feed on blood only every 3-4 days
23
Q
Horseflies. Development and clinical signs
A
- eggs are cigar-shaped. ;aid in batches
- 7-11 larval instars (1 and 2 do not feed), carnovores
- painful, deep bites -> nuisance, exhaustion -> production loss
- blood loss
- cause wounds attracting myasis causing flies
24
Q
Tsetse flies. General info, groups
A
- Glossina
- diurnal parasites
- both females and males suck blood
- tropical Africa and according to the habitat form 3 groups: fusca (forest), palpalis (riverine areas), morsitans (savannah)
25
Tsetse flies. Morphology
- 6-15 mm, yellow to dark brown
- forward projecting proboscis and palps are same length with proboscis
- antennae have a big, feathered arista
- **hatchet cell** in the wings
26
Tsetse flies. Development
- one egg is fertilised within the female
- larval development inside (10 days), feeding on fluids from uterine glands
- **females give birth to 1 fully grown 3d stage larva**
- larva burrows into the soil and pupates
- emerges to the surface after approx. 1 month
27
Forest flies
- *Hippobosca equina* - **horse louse fly** - 1 cm, with wings, yellow spots
- *Lipoptena cervi* - **deer ked** - losing wings after settling on the host
- *Melophagus ovinus* - **sheep ked** - 0,5 cm, wingless
- reddish brown
- haemotophagous
- females laying a fully grown larva
- annoyance, anaemia, fleece damage (sheep ked), dermatitis
