10. Mange Flashcards

1
Q

Astigmatid mites. Taxonomy

A

Burrowing mites: Sarcoptes, Nodoedres, Knemidokoptes
Non-borrowing mites: Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Otodectes

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2
Q

Burrowing mites. Species, morphology, development

A
  • Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Knemidokoptes spp
  • females burrow tunnels into the skin (for egg laying and larval development)
  • may survive off host for a few days only
  • round body up to 0,4 mm, scales on the dorsal surface
  • anus may be terminal (Sarcoptes, Knemidokoptes) or dorsal (Notoedres)
  • short legs, 3d and 4th pairs of legs don’t project beyond the body margin
  • unsegmented pedicles
  • development for 3 weeks
  • Knemidokoptes: viviparous
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3
Q

Non-burrowing mites. Species, morphology

A
  • Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Otodectes
  • live and develop on the skin surface
  • generally have chewing mouthparts and feed on epidermal debris, Psoroptes also have piercing mouthparts and also feed on tissue fluids
  • may survive off the host for a max 2-3 weeks
  • oval body, up to 0,8 mm
  • long legs projecting beyond the body margin
  • long, 3-segmented (Psoroptes) or short, unsegmented pedicel (Chorioptes, Otodectes)
  • development for approx 2 weeks
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4
Q

Mites. Clinical signs (mange)

A

Mange:
- dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia
- desquamation
- crusts and scabs
- pruritus (itching), self-rubbing, hair loss
- papules, vesicles
- thickened, wrinkled skin
- secondary bacterial infection (neglected cases may be fatal)

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5
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in horses

A
  • Sarcoptes scabei var. equi -> sarcoptic mange (areas with short hair)
  • Psoroptes spp -> psoroptic mange
  • Psoroptec cunicili - otitis externa
  • Psoroptes ovis - thickly haired regions of the body
  • Chorioptes bovis -> chorioptic mange (usually cold-blooded heavy breeds of horses, on lower parts of the hind limbs

    photo: sarcoptic mange
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6
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in cattle

A

Similar to horses
- Sarcoptes scabei var. bovis - sarcoptic mange (short hair parts)
- Psoroptes ovis - psoroptic mange (long hair areas)
- Chorioptes bovis - chorioptic mange (lower parts of limbs, base of tail, scrotum…)

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7
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in sheep, goats

A
  • Sarcoptes scabei var. ovis (caprae) - skin without fleece
  • Psoroptes ovis - woolly parts - wool hanging from fleece covering, in 2-6 weeks coin to palm size lesions develop, becoming dry in the center
  • Psoropres cuniculi - can be found in ears of goats (spreading over head, neck and body)
  • Chorioptes bovis - lower parts, scrotum
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8
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in pigs

A

Sarcoptes scabei var. suis - acute (at 3-4 weeks of age) and chronic (in adults) forms.
Spreading from the ears to the most of the body surface.
Involved areas -> hyper- and parakeratosis

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9
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in dogs

A
  • Sarcoptes scabei var. canis - more important in foxes, zoonotic, highly contagious, spreading by direct contact. After incubation period (10 days to 8 weeks) from the edge of the ear, above the eyes, elbows and further to ventral parts of the body. Seborrhoea, lymphadenopathy, emancipation
  • Otodectes cynotis - in the external ear canal -> excess of dark cerumen, purulent inflammation and discharge -> ear scratching, head-shaking
  • rarely Notoedres cati causes Notoedres mange in young dogs
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10
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in cats

A
  • Notoedres cati -> notoedric (face) mange. From the edge of the ear spreading over the face, neck, pцы nd tail
  • Otodectes cynotis
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11
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in birds

A
  • Knemodokoptes gallinae -> depluming itch, loss of feathers
  • Knemodokoptes mutans -> scaly leg, scales -> plaques -> crusts
  • Knemodokoptes pilae -> scaly face, papillomatous skin-thickening around the beaks, later spreading to the legs
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12
Q

Astigmatid mites (burrowing + non-burrowing) in rabbit

A
  • Psoroptes cuniculi -> ear canker. External ear: multilayered epidermal debris with eroded, bleeding skin underneath -> ear scratching, head shaking. Lesions may spread over the body surface
  • Notoedres cati, Sarcoptes scabei - rarely
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