8. Attempts to create a Volksgemeinschaft, 1933-39 Flashcards
What was the Nazis Volksgemeinschaft ?
This meant building a Peoples community on a pure German Society of National Comrades whilst excluding Outsiders
Why did the Nazis ultimately fail to create a Peoples Community?
They failed to unite people of different classes or religion and were attempting to rule with fear and not genuine passion for Nazi beliefs
Who did the Nazis mainly persecute? (6)
- Mentally ill\disabled
- Asocials
- Homosexuals
- Gypsies
- Minority religions
- The Jews
What was the Law introduced to persecute the disabled?
the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring
What did the Law introduced to persecute the Disabled do to disabled people?
Sterilise them to prevent them from reproducing
How many people were sterilised in Germany ?
350,000
What was the Action T4 programme?
When doctors would euthanise any disabled children
How did parents agree to Action T4?
Threatening
How did the Nazis persecute Asocials?
Sent to labour camps or sterilised and murdered
What colour of triangle would you wear if you were an Asocial ?
Black
What colour of triangle would Homosexuals be forced to wear?
Pink
What happened to a lot of homosexual men ?
They were either castrated or forced to undergo experiments to cure them
What would happen if a SS member was found to be Homosexual ?
They would be shot
How many Gypsies died under the Nazis?
500,000
What is the difference between the persecution of the Jews and the persecution of the Gypsies?
The Gypsies were not at first targeted
How were Jehovah Witnesses persecuted?
Arrested and Killed
Why were the Jews targeted?
Many Germans blamed them for the war defeat and 1920s problems
What were the main 3 Nuremberg laws?
- Marriage and sex banned between Jews and Aryans
- Jews were stripped of German citizenship
- Aryan genetic tests started
How did the Nazis persecute Jews from 1936?
Encouraging them to emigrate but only after paying high taxes
How many more jews were under German control after the Anschluss?
150,000
What law affected Jewish Lawyers and Doctors?
Jewish lawyers and doctors were not allowed Aryan clients
What names must Jews add to their names ?
Women must add Sarah
Men must add Israel
What law affected Jewish businesses?
Jews were not allowed to own buisnesses
What law affected Jewish teachers and students?
Jews were banned from Schools
When was Kristallnacht ?
November 1938
How many Jews were killed on Kristallnacht ?
91
How did German business owners benefit from Nazi rule?
- banning of trade unions
- rearmament
How did Steel companies not benefit from Nazi rule?
Nazis set up their own Steel companies which took precedent over those already established
Who are the Mittelstand?
Small and Medium sized companies in Germany
What class did the Mittelstand being to ?
Middle
Why did Nazis gain the support of the Mittelstand?
They were often the ones most effected by Hyperinflation and Weimar Economic problems
What was the main benefit that the Nazis did for Mittelstand?
- A dramatic fall in unemployemnt
- Banning larger stores and putting higher taxes for bigger companies
How did the Mittelstand gain from Jewish persecution?
the Jewish ban on owning businesses reduced the competetion
What was the Entailed Farm Law?
This meant farms could not be sold or mortgaged, tying ownership to one family.
Was the Entailed Farm Law successful ?
It made it hard for farmers to gain loans as they could not use their farms as security
What was the DAF?
German Labour Front
How did Workers’ benefit from the Nazi Party?
- Levels of unemployment fell
- policies were introduced to benefit workers
How many people were unemployed in 1932?
6 million
How many people were unemployed in 1937?
1 million
What were the main reasons for the fall of unemployment?
- Investment in public works
- The military conscription
- Social programmes fro young people
Who were not included in the unemployment figures?
Jews and Women
What is KdF?
Strength through Joy
What did KdF include?
Leisure Activities
Holidays
Cars
Sport
Theatre and Cinema visits
What was Schönheit der Arbeit ?
Beauty of Work
What did Schönheit der Arbeit aim to do?
Improve workplace condition to enhance working and please the workers
Who set up wages and other working conditions?
The Trustees of Labour
What increased as the average wages increased?
Average working hours and amount of tax
What were the three main boys youth groups?
- Cubs
- Young German Boys
- Hitler Youth
What were the three main girls youth groups?
Young Girls
League of German Maidens
Faith and Beauty
What were two groups that women would join once they came of age?
German Labour Front
German Students’ League
Why did the Nazis put emphasis on youth groups ?
They were aiming for a Thousand Year Reich and wanted to attract young people to back them
How did the Nazis target young people?
Propaganda at their schools and in their youth groups
How many teachers were members of the Nazi teachers League by 1937?
97%
What did Girls lessons consist of ?
Homemaking activates such as cooking and sewing
When was the Catholic Teachers League shut down ?
1937
Who were normally allocated as teaching assistants ?
Old Brown shirts
How many teaching posts were empty in 1938 ?
3000
Who controlled the Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens?
Baldur von Schirach
What would happen if a child refused to join a youth group?
Threatened
Lack of Job offers
Effect the leaving Certificate
Fines or Prison for the parent
What were two youth organisations that opposed the Nazis?
Swing movement
Edelweiss Pirates
What were Napolas?
State boarding schools which were ran by the SS
Who ran the Adolf Hitler Schools?
Robert Ley and Hitler
What did the nazis view a women role should be ?
In the home, racing children and providing support for their Nazi Husbands
What was given to encourage women to become Mothers?
Loans and awards (Mother’s Cross Medal for women with four or more children)
What happened to divorce laws?
They were extended
What would happen if a n Aryan married a non-Aryan ?
They would face prison if they continued
How many women were allowed to attend each University?
10 %
What jobs were women not allowed to do in Nazi Germany ?
- civil servants
- doctors
- lawyers
- judges
Did women have political influence?
No because they were banned from serving as a deputy in the Reichstag
Which group of men were women encouraged to have babies with?
Aryan SS members
What does Lebensborn mean?
Life’s Springs
What was the Nazis aim population?
120 million
Did Nazis succeed in controlling women?
although there was an increase in births and marriages women continued to work especially during the war
What type of Christianity did the Nazis advocate?
‘Positive Christianity’
How many Germans were Protestant ?
40 million
How many Germans were Catholic?
22 Million
What religion was Hitler raised in ?
Catholic
What was the Nazi Church?
The Reich Church
Which Christian movement did the Nazis support in 1933?
Deutsche Christen - German Christians
When was the Concordat signed?
July 1933
How were Protestant Churches targeted?
By a Church Secession Campaign
What was the Church Secession Campaign ?
It was a movement aimed at persuading Germans to abandon their churches
How many people abandoned their churches who worked at the government?
100,000
What movement did the Nazis plan to introduce after WW2?
German Faith Movement
