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Advanced Higher History > 5. Collapse of the Weimar Republic > Flashcards

5. Collapse of the Weimar Republic Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Wall Street Crash occur?

A

October 1929

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2
Q

What were the main consequences of the Wall Street Crash?

A
  • Unemployment rose
  • Prices fell
  • Foreign Trade fell
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3
Q

How many Germans were unemployed in 1932?

A

6 million people were unemployed

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4
Q

What did falling prices lead to?

A

led to a lack of investment and lower wages

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5
Q

What did the government do as a reaction to the crash?

A

Cut public spending

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6
Q

Which welfare spending got cut to one-third?

A

War victims pensions

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7
Q

Why did the March 1930 SDP collapse?

A

They could not agree on welfare cuts

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8
Q

Why could the Reichsbank not print more money?

A

They were restricted by the Dawes and Young Plans

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9
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1932

A

6 million

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10
Q

How many in three Germans were unemployed by 1933?

A

1 in 3

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11
Q

What did the Government do to try and solve the 1929 crisis?

A

reduce public spending

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12
Q

What did a reduction of public spending mean?

A

less spending on

  • Infrastructure
  • public services
  • One-third reduction in war victims pensions
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13
Q

How did the coalitions make solving the crisis more difficult?

A

They could not agree on which approach the government should take

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14
Q

Why did the Government not intervene more in 1929?

A

They feared that intervention would lead to hyperinflation

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15
Q

How were the governments actions limited in 1929?

A

They were restricted by outside groups

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16
Q

Why would foreign investors not invest in German businesses?

A

They did not trust the currency

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17
Q

What year were reparation payments suspended for a year?

A

1931

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18
Q

What are protectionist policies?

A

When a government prioritises products from its own country over imports

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19
Q

How is Protectionism carried out?

A

Using import taxes

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20
Q

How did Protectionism work?

A
  • Helped German companies hire or retain staff
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21
Q

How did Protectionism not work?

A

retaliatory policies where foreign countries did the same to Germany thus reducing the exports.

Germans had to pay higher for certain products

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22
Q

Why did many people loose faith in democracy by 1930 ?

A

Unemployment and huge falling wages

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23
Q

How many elections took place during the depression.

A

5

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24
Q

From 1928 to 1932 how much did unemployment rise?

A

from 1.25 million to 5.75 million

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25
Q

From 1928 to 1932 how much did the Nazi vote grow?

A

1 million to 11 million

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26
Q

From 1928 to 1932 how much did the KPD vote grow?

A

3.2 million to 6 million

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27
Q

What did the Communists pledge to do in 1930?

A

Take control of businesses and factories to create work for Germans

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28
Q

How did the Nazis portray Hitler in the 1930s?

A

As the only man who could save Germany

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29
Q

Why could Parliamentary democracy no longer function?

A

Due to the huge increase in anti-democracy parties sat in the Reichstag

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30
Q

Which four men held the chancellorship between 1929 and 1933

A

Muller
Bruning
Von Papen
Von Schleicher

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31
Q

What party did Muller belong to ?

A

Social Democrats

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32
Q

How long did Muller lead the government?

A

Almost 2 years

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33
Q

What hindered Muller the most ?

A
  • Economic crisis

- Hindenburg trying to replace him

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34
Q

Why did Muller resign ?

A

Hindenburg refused to use Article 48 to help him

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35
Q

What type of coalition did Muller have ?

A

5 party with a working majority

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36
Q

When did Bruning become Chancellor?

A

March 1930

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37
Q

Where was Brunings government on the political scale?

A

Centre-right

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38
Q

Which party was not apart of Brunings government?

A

SPD

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39
Q

What was Brunings biggest flaw?

A

He relied heavily on Article 48

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40
Q

Why did Brüning call the 1930 elections?

A

Because he thought it would win him and his policies more support

41
Q

What were Brüning s economic policies ?

A
  • Public works
  • reducing spending
  • tax rises
42
Q

What were Brünings foreign policies?

A
  • reperation suspended

- demanded change to rearmament

43
Q

What did Bruning do in 1932 to the Nazis?

A

He banned the SA

44
Q

Why did Bruning resign in may 1932?

A

Hindenburg refuse to back him in his plan to distribute spare land to unemployed

45
Q

When did Von Papen become Chancellor?

A

June 1932

46
Q

What party did Papen belong to ?

A

Centre and then independent

47
Q

Who persuaded Hindenburg to appoint the Chancellor?

A

Von Schleicher

48
Q

What role did Schleicher have in Papens cabinet?

A

Defence Minister

49
Q

Who sat in papers cabinet?

A

Germany’s elite and not members of the Reichstag

50
Q

When did Papen lift the ban on the SA?

A

July 1932

51
Q

What did Papen lead against the Prussian government?

A

A coup using Article 48

52
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor

A

1933

53
Q

What was the Nazi vote in each year leading up to 1933?

A 
1924 December - Lost 3%
1928 May - 2.6%
1930 September -  18.3%
1932 July -  37.3%
1932 November - 33.1%
1933 March - 43.9%
54
Q

How can we track Nazis votes with the economic status of Germany?

A

In times of economic strife Hitlers simple message and solutions gained the nazis favour which then declined as the economy imporved

55
Q

What did the Communists do that helped Hindenburg win?

A

They did not back his largest opposition Willhelm Marx

56
Q

How old was Hindenburg in March 1932?

A

84

57
Q

Why did Hindenburg re-run for president?

A

He was opposed to seeing Hitler win

58
Q

How did the presidential election help Hitler?

A

It increased his public awareness and helped gain the Nazis greater success

59
Q

Who originally led the Nazi Party?

A

Anton Drexler

60
Q

What does the NSDAPs decline in support in 1924 show us

A

That Hitler was important to the party

61
Q

What is Fuhrerprinzip?

A

The idea that democracy cannot properly function so therefore a one party state with one strong leader was needed

62
Q

How was Hitler a key part of propoganda?

A
  • He designed the flag
  • he created the salute
  • he designed the SA brown uniform
  • Hitler Myth
63
Q

Who was the propaganda chief?

A

Joseph Goebbles

64
Q

Who were the Nazis organised by ?

A

Gregor Strasser

65
Q

How were local areas organised?

A

Into Games and organised under a Gauleiter

66
Q

What were the Nazis main social policies?

A
  • Lebensraum
  • Volksgemeinschaft
  • end of the treaty of Versailles
  • Anti-Semitism and communism
67
Q

Why did the unemployed start to support the nazis ?

A

They ran soup kitchens and organised food parcels

68
Q

How did the Nazis win support through the media?

A
  • radio adverts
  • cinema adverts
  • Plane
  • Leaflets
  • Posters
69
Q

What did the Nazis call themselves?

A

Bewegung (movement)

70
Q

How many members did the SA have in 1933?

A

500,000

71
Q

What was the SA’s main role?

A

Engage in marches

Distribute leaflets

Violent confrontations

72
Q

Who led the SA?

A

Ernst Rohm

73
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor ?

A

January 1933

74
Q

How many Germans were members of the Nazi Party by 1933?

A

719,446

75
Q

Who were the Nazi parties bourgeoisie?

A

The middle class

76
Q

How did the Nazi support from the middle class reflect on Communism?

A

It showed there was still a massive fear of it

77
Q

What religion were Nazi members more likely to be a part of ?

A

Protestants

78
Q

Who were slightly more likely to vote for the Nazis, men or women?

A

Women

79
Q

Who were slightly more likely to vote for the Nazis, older or younger people?

A

Younger people

80
Q

How were mothers targeted with Nazi propaganda?

A

They were encouraged to believe that only Hitler could provide them protection, as well as fears of sexual exploitation of girls

81
Q

How were workers targeted by Nazi propaganda?

A

Work and bread

82
Q

How were the middle-class targeted by Nazi propaganda?

A

anti-Communism slogans as well as committing to low taxes and economic prosperity

83
Q

How did Brüning help the Nazi Party?

A
  • he relied on Article 48
  • Calling early elections
  • Economic policies
84
Q

How did Papen help the Nazi Party?

A
  • He didn’t have members of the Reichstag in his cabinet
  • Lifted the ban on SA
  • calling early elections
  • taking control of the Prussian state government
  • the lefts lack of opposition
85
Q

How did Schleicher help the Nazis rise to power?

A
  • removal of Brüning and Papen
  • angered the elite
  • wanting to hold early elections
86
Q

Which of Schleichers policy did Hitler get the credit for?

A

Public works programme

87
Q

What would have happened if Schleicher had agreed to a longer recess?

A

Lifted some pressure off of him and left him in a stringer position especially with the president

88
Q

How did Hindenburg help the Nazis rise to power?

A
  • Presidential decrees
  • Underestimating Hitler
  • Believing he could control Hitler
  • Old age
89
Q

How did Hindenburg view Hitler

A

As a ‘bohemian Corporal’

90
Q

Why did Hindenburg appoint Hitler as chancellor?

A

Because he believed Hitler would have to work with the German elite and reign in his extreme instincts

91
Q

What is the politics of intrigue?

A

This means plots and secret deals aided the Nazis, by individuals or groups

92
Q

When did Papen and Schleicher first meet?

A

The Prussian Military academy

93
Q

Why was Papen removed from Chancellorship?

A

He called for Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and not call new elections, but Schleicher believed this would lead the country to civil war, so encouraged Hindenburg to remove him from power

94
Q

How did Schleicher help Hitler into power?

A

He argued against Papen instead of Hitler because he believed that Papen had stabbed him in the back and not Hitler

95
Q

Who were Hindenburg’s Camarilla?

A

The group of heavily important men that influenced him and all his decisions, contain his son Oskar

96
Q

How did Germany’s elite help bring Hitler into power?

A

They influenced Hindenburg

97
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

30 January 1933

98
Q

What did Papen claim about Hitler when he was appointed vice-chancellor in 1933?

A

“we’ve hired him”

99
Q

Why did Hitler want Hindenburg to hold early elections?

A

He believed the Nazis would become more powerful and he would not have to have a coalition

Advanced Higher History (10 decks)

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