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Advanced Higher History > 6. The National Socialist consolidation of power, 1933-34 > Flashcards

6. The National Socialist consolidation of power, 1933-34 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the three Nazis in the cabinet in January 1933?

A

Hitler, Goering and Frick

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2
Q

When did Hitler call new elections for?

A

March 1933

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3
Q

Who was accused of burning down the Reichstag?

A

The dutch communist Martin Van Der Lubbe

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4
Q

How did the Nazis exploit the fire?

A

To extend their control

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5
Q

What did Hindenburg use Article 48 to declare after the Fire?

A

The February decree (the reichstag fire decree)

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6
Q

What did the February decree allow hitler to do to the Communists?

A

Crackdown on the KPD members and arrest them

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7
Q

What did the February decree allow hitler to do to the Press?

A

Restrict powers of the Press

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8
Q

What did the February decree allow hitler to do for the secret police?

A

Arrest and detain people indefinitely

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9
Q

What did the February decree allow hitler to do to personal freedoms?

A

Suspend them

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10
Q

Where did the entire SPD leadership flee the Nazis to?

A

Prague

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11
Q

What did the Nazis mass advert campaigns do against the opposition?

A

They urged people to vote “against Marxism”

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12
Q

Who counted votes on voting day to intimidate the voters?

A

SS and SA members

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13
Q

What was the percentage of the vote that the Nazis achieved in March 1933

A

44%

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14
Q

How did the Nazis gain a majority in March 1933?

A

With the support of the DNVP who won 8%

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15
Q

when was the KPD banned?

A

The day after the March 1933 election

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16
Q

Who headed the new Ministry of propaganda?

A

Joseph Goebbels

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17
Q

When was the Enabling Act passed

A

24 march 1933

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18
Q

How did the SPD try to stop the passing of the Enabling Act ?

A

By not attending the vote - 66% of deputies had to be present

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19
Q

How did the Nazis stop the SPD ruining the chances of passing the Enabling Act ?

A

They changed the rule so the Reichstag could vote even if it did not have 66% of deputies attending

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20
Q

Why did some SDP members not attend the vote ?

A

Many feared for their lives

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21
Q

By what margin did the Enabling Act pass?

A

441 to 94

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22
Q

What did the Enabling Act let the cabinet do ?

A

Pass decrees without the Presidents agreement

Any laws passed did not have to apply with the Constitution

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23
Q

How many of the Nazis opponents were arrested by the end of 1933?

A

100,000

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24
Q

When was the law passed that banned any new political parties?

A

July 1933

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25
Q

When did the Nazis win 92% of the vote

A

November 1933

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26
Q

Why were there little opposition in the Reichstag by the end of 1933?

A

All parties were either banned or dissolved

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27
Q

Who were the four police forces of Germany that Himmler oversaw?

A

The SS
Orpo
Sipo
SD

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28
Q

Who were the SS?

A

The Nazi police force and security group

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29
Q

Who were the Orpo?

A

Ordinary Police, dealing with issues such as Traffic management

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30
Q

Who were the Sipo?

A

Security police forces

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31
Q

Who were the SD?

A

Security Service

32
Q

How many members of the SS were there in 1939?

A

250,000

33
Q

What was the other major police force in Germany?

A

The Gestapo

34
Q

Who were the Gestapo originally ?

A

The Prussian Secret Police

35
Q

What was the Gestapos role?

A

Identify any potential threat to Hitler and Germany, and remove them

36
Q

Why were Nazi opposers scared to raise objections?

A

The Gestapo gave the impression they were all hearing and all seeing

37
Q

How many members of the Gestapo were there that prove they might not have been so powerful?

A

30,000 of 65 million

38
Q

What were the Gestapos main ways of asserting control ?

A

Torture and arbitrary arrests

39
Q

How did the Gestapo find out about opposers?

A

Public informants who would snitch on their neighbours even if they had done nothing wrong

40
Q

How many people weer political prisoners in July 1933?

A

26,000

41
Q

How many people were jailed for resistance between 1933-45?

A

800,000

42
Q

How many people were legally killed by the state between 33-45?

A

32,000

43
Q

How was the north and south divided by religion ?

A

The north was more Protestant and the south was more Catholic

44
Q

How was Hitler able to gain control of the Protestants?

A

by creating a new national faith based around Nazism

45
Q

Why was the Catholic Church harder to control ?

A

They were a global organisation

46
Q

Who led the Catholic Church at this time?

A

Pope Pius XI

47
Q

What did the Concordat agree?

A
  • The centre party would be abolished

- They would stay out of politics in return for religious freedom

48
Q

How did the Nazis pressure people away from the Catholic Church?

A
  • Pressuring parents not to sign their kids to Catholic schools
  • Priests were put on trial
49
Q

Why did the Nazis want to control the churches?

A

They sometimes provided an opposition and wanted to control all aspects of society

50
Q

Why did the Nazis not want to control the churches?

A

It caused public anger

51
Q

Who led the SA?

A

Ernst Rohm

52
Q

Who were bigger the SA or the Army ?

A

The SA who had 2 million members

53
Q

Why did Hitler want to take action against Rohm?

A

It was rumoured that he was plotting a second revolution to achieve socialism in Germany

54
Q

When was the night of long Knives ?

A

29 June 1934

55
Q

What was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

When the SS went out and arrested the SA leaders and other Hitler opposers

56
Q

Who were the main Nazi members arrested?

A
  • von Schleicher
  • Gregor Strasser
  • Ernst Rohm
57
Q

How did Rohm Die?

A

He refused to be pressured to commit suicide so was shot

58
Q

How was Papen targeted?

A

People close to him were targeted

59
Q

What is the estimate of how many people were killed on the Night of Long Knives?

A

90

60
Q

Who advised Hitler to initiate the Night of Long Knives?

A

Mussolini

61
Q

What occurred on the 13 July 1934 to do with the Night of Long Knives?

A

A law was passed that made it legal

62
Q

Who were the main people to praise hitler for the Night of Long Knives?

A

Hindenburg and the army

63
Q

What did normal Germans believed happened to Schleicher and Rohm ?

A

They were told that they were working in France

64
Q

When did germans finally find out what happened on the Night of Long Knives?

A

Hitler addressed the Reichstag on 13 July 1934

65
Q

When did president Hindenburg die?

A

2 August 1934

66
Q

What law did Hitler Pass through the Reichstag on the 1 August 1934?

A

After Hindenburg’s death the offices of Chancellor and President would be merged

67
Q

How many votes did Hitler get that supported his role as Fuhrer?

A

94%

68
Q

What did the Army Oath change to ?

A

A personal pledge of loyalty to Hitler and not Germany

69
Q

How did the change of oath affect the army ?

A

It undermined the generals power and increased Hitler’s

70
Q

Who became the most powerful force in Germany

A

the SS

71
Q

What is Gleichstaltung?

A

Coordination - where the nazis merged key German organisations with sections of the Nazi Party

72
Q

How did the Nazis infiltrate ordinary Germans?

A

Creating normal organisations that all Germans had to be apart of aka Hitler Youth or German Lawyers’ Front

73
Q

Who replaced Trade Unions?

A

German Labour Front

74
Q

When did the Nazis dissolve state governments?

A

1934

75
Q

Who controlled the states after 1934?

A

a Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor)

76
Q

Who was in ultimate control of Prussia?

A

Hitler

Advanced Higher History (10 decks)

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