8 And 30 Flashcards
Chlorophyll a
Main pigment in plants
Can directly convert light energy to chemical
Absorbs violet-blue and red light
Photosynthesis reaction
6co2 + 12h2o ➡️ c6h12o6 + 6h2o+ 6o2
Chlorophyll b
Accessory pigment absorb pigments that chlorophyll a does not absorb
Structure of chlorophyll is a
Porphyrin ring complex with alternativ double and single bonds
Magnesium ion at center of ring
Photons excite electrons
Antenna complex
Light harvesting complex; gather photons and feed the captured light energy to the reaction center
Reaction center
1 or more chlorophyll a molecules, passes excited electrons out of the photosystem
Light dependent reactions
1) primary photo event - photon of light is captured by pigment molecule
2) charge separation- energy transfered to reaction center
3) electron transport- electrons move throu caries to reduce NADP+
4) chemiosmosis produced ATP
Calvin cycles has 3 phases
1) carbon fixation- RuBP +CO2➡️PGA
2) reduction PGA is reduced to G3P (ATP and NADP are needed)
3) regeneration of RuBP- RuBP regenerate from G3P (ATP needed)
4) glucosa is made - glucosa made from G3P
Rubisco has two enzymatic activities
Carboxylation-addition of CO2 to RuBP
Favored under normal conditions (Calvin cycle)
Photorespiration
Oxidation of RuBP
Favored when stomata are closed in hot conditions
C3 photosynthesis vs c4 and CAM
C3 Calvin cycle
C4 -spatial -diff leaf cells involved in process
CAM -temporal- day and night differences
C4 photosynthesis is advantageous in
Hot dry climates
CAM plants
Succulent (cacti) and stomata open at night close in day
C4 pathway at night and c3 pathway during the day
Rhodophyta
Red algea; complex life cycles, blades, medullar, calcified and filamentous forms
Chlorophyta
Aquatic
Symbiotic
Haploid
Lands plans
Multicellular diploid and haploid stages
Trend toward more diploid embryo protection
Trend Toward smaller haploid stage
