Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Week 1 2017/18 > 8: Anatomy - pain and urinary continence > Flashcards

8: Anatomy - pain and urinary continence Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five types of nerve fibre?

A

Somatic sensory

Somatic motor

Visceral afferents / sensory

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of sensory nerve?

A

Somatic sensory

Visceral afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three types of motor nerve?

A

Somatic motor

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of nerve receives sensation from the body wall?

A

Somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of nerve receives sensation from the internal organs?

A

Visceral afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of nerve innervates skeletal muscle?

A

Somatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of nerves send motor impulses to the internal organs?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which nerves control peristalsis of the ureters and contraction of the bladder?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

motor to internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which nerves control the

a) internal urethral sphincter in males
b) external urethral sphincter and levator ani?

A

a) Sympathetic / parasympathetic (internal organs)

b) Somatic motor (as they’re in the perineum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which nerves pick up sensation from the kidneys, ureters, bladder, testes and pelvic urethra?

A

Visceral afferents

The distal urethra, found in the perineum, has a somatic sensory innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which nerves are found in the lumbar and sacral plexuses?

A

Somatic sensory

Somatic motor

supplying perineum and lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At which levels do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

T1 - L2

THORACOLUMBAR OUTFLOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

Anterior horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do sympathetic nerves synapse after leaving the spinal cord from T1 - L2?

A

Sympathetic chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where can post-synaptic sympathetic nerves travel?

A

Up and down the full length of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Every spinal level has a ___ for post-synaptic sympathetic nerves.

What is the exception?

A

ganglion

Head and neck - superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do post-synaptic sympathetic nerves travel to organs in the

a) head and neck
b) thorax
c) abdomen?

A

a) Periarterial plexuses

b) Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

c) Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

(c) NOT the same as parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two types of sympathetic splanchnic nerve?

A

a) Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve

b) Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do post-synaptic sympathetic nerves reach the organs of the head and neck?

A

Hitch a ride on arteries

Periarterial plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

Conus medullaris, then cauda equina to S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The sympathetic chains run along how much of the vertebral column?

A

The whole thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do sympathetic nerve fibres get to the kidneys, ureters and bladder?

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

synapsing at abdominal sympathetic ganglia on the way

then passing along periarterial plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which cranial nerves do parasympathetic nerves come from?

Where else do they come from?

A

CN III, VII, IX and X

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

Sacral spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Keeping in mind where parasympathetic nerves come from, what is their outflow called?

A

Craniosacral outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do parasympathetic nerves reach the pelvic organs?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the difference between pelvic and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Pelvic - parasympathetic, come from sacral spinal nerves

Abdominopelvic - sympathetic, come from all over the place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which parasympathetic nerves supplies the

a) kidneys and ureters
b) bladder?

A

a) Vagus nerve CN X

b) S2 - 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What pelvic organs are supplied by the

a) sacral spinal nerves
b) vagus nerve?

A

a) Bladder

b) Kidneys and ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the pudendal nerve?

A

S2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What organs do somatic sensory fibres supply?

A

None

supply body wall only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What aspect of the skin is supplied by pelvic somatic sensory nerves?

A

Perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What renal structures are supplied by somatic sensory fibres?

A

Distal urethra

External urethral sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What fibres do visceral afferents run alongside?

A

Sympathetic fibres

OR

Parasympathetic fibres

depending on where they are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What can happen when visceral afferents plug in to specific spinal nerves?

A

Referred pain

36
Q

What is pain arising from the kidneys felt?

A

Loin

Posterior flank on the affected side

37
Q

What is pain arising from the bladder usually felt?

A

Suprapubic region

in the midline

38
Q

Where is pain felt when a renal calculus obstructs the ureter?

A

Radiating pain from LOIN to GROIN

on affected side

39
Q

Where is urethral pain felt?

A

Perineum

40
Q

Which organs are affected if pain is felt in the

a) loin
b) loin radiating to the groin
c) suprapubic area
d) perineum?

A

a) kidneys
b) ureters
c) bladder
d) urethra

41
Q

Why is kidney pain felt in the loin?

A

Travel alongside sympathetic fibres and plug into spine at T11 - L1 dermatomes

Which are posterior flanks

42
Q

Why is ureter pain felt between the loin and groin?

A

Visceral afferents travel alongside sympathetics and plug into spinal cord between T11 - L2

i.e posterior flanks and suprapubic

43
Q

Visceral afferents supplying the bladder run alongside ___ nerves for the inferior aspect and ___ nerves for the superior aspect.

A

run alongside sympathetic nerves for superior aspect

run alongside parasympathetic nerves for inferior aspect

44
Q

Visceral afferents supplying the urethra run alongside ___ nerves to plug into the spinal cord.

A

parasympathetic nerves

i.e sympathetic nerves until halfway down bladder, then parasympathetic nerves

EXCEPT the testes, because they originate from the abdomen (sympathetic nerves)

45
Q

Which nerve do somatic sensory nerves supplying the distal urethra travel in?

A

Pudendal nerve

S2,3,4

46
Q

The visceral afferents supplying the testes run alongside ___ fibres to reach the spinal cord.

A

sympathetic

47
Q

Where can testicular pain be felt?

A

Groin

Scrotum (if it’s affected)

48
Q

Which autonomic nerves do visceral afferents supplying the

a) testes
b) superior bladder
c) proximal urethra
d) ureters
e) inferior bladder
f) distal urethra

run alongside to reach the spinal cord?

A

a) Sympathetic

b) Sympathetic

c) Parasympathetic

d) Sympathetic

e) Parasympathetic

f) Distal urethra is supplied by somatic sensory, which plug into pudendal nerve

49
Q

How does

a) visceral
b) somatic

pain feel?

A

a) Dull, achey

b) Sharp, stabbing

50
Q

What is micturition?

A

Urination

51
Q

Which spinal nerves are vital in controlling micturition?

A

S2, 3, 4

52
Q

Where do visceral afferents from the proximal urethra enter the spinal cord?

A

S2,3,4

53
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve originate from?

What type of nerve does it carry?

A

S2,3,4

Somatic motor (to MOVE the levator ani, open external urethral / anal sphincters etc.)

54
Q

Where do pelvic splanchnic nerves exit the spinal cord?

What type of nerve do they contain?

A

S2,3,4

Parasympathetic nerves

55
Q

What types of nerve plug in to or leave S2, 3 and 4?

A

Parasympathetic via pelvic splanchnic nerves

Somatic sensory from proximal urethra

Somatic motor in pudendal nerve, supplying external urethral sphincter, levator ani

56
Q

What are the important spinal levels for micturition?

A

S2 - S4

57
Q

What is urinary continence?

A

Ability to control flow of urine

58
Q

What is potty training?

A

Ability to inhibit natural emptying of the bladder when it is stretched

59
Q

Which fibres detect stretching of the bladder?

A

Visceral afferent fibres

60
Q

Which spinal levels do visceral afferents from the bladder plug into?

A

S2 - S4

61
Q

Which muscle constricts to empty the bladder after an unopposed stretch reflex?

A

Detrusor muscle

62
Q

Which autonomic fibres control the contraction of the detrusor muscle and the opening of the internal urethral sphincter in males?

A

Parasympathetic

63
Q

Which fibres control the opening of the external urethral sphincter and relaxation of the levator ani muscle?

A

Somatic motor via the pudendal nerve

64
Q

Which abdominal muscles contract to increase micturition?

Which nerve fibres are involved?

A

Anterolateral abdominal muscles

Somatic motor

65
Q

What is formed by the tons of nerves which are found in the abdomen and pelvis?

A

Lumbar plexus

Sacral plexus

forming Lumbosacral plexus

66
Q

Which spinal nerves are involved in the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L1 - S4

Remember brachial plexus (C5 - T1)

67
Q

What is the big thick nerve which arises from the sacral plexus at L4 - S3?

A

Sciatic nerve

68
Q

The nerves of the sacral plexus have a close association with which muscle?

A

Psoas major

69
Q

Which nerves of the lumbar plexus come from L1?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

70
Q

Which nerve of the lumbar plexus arises from L2 - 3 and supplies the lateral skin of the thigh?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2 - 3)

71
Q

Which nerve of the lumbar plexus arises from L1 - 2 and runs on the surface of psoas major?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

72
Q

Which nerve of the lumbar plexus arises from L2 - 4 and runs lateral to psoas major?

A

Femoral nerve (L2 - 4)

73
Q

Which nerve of the lumbar plexus arises from the same levels as the femoral nerve, runs medial to psoas major and goes through its own foramen in the pelvis?

A

Obturator nerve (L2 - 4)

74
Q

What are the nerves of the lumbar plexus and their spinal levels?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2 - 3)

Genitofemoral nerve (L1 - 2) - surface of psoas major

Femoral nerve (L2 - 4) - lateral to psoas major

Obturator nerve (L2 - 4) - medial to psoas major

75
Q

Which compartment does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Anterior compartment of thigh

76
Q

What compartment does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Medial compartment of thigh

77
Q

What compartment does the unbranched sciatic nerve supply?

What are its spinal levels?

A

Posterior compartment of the thigh

L4 - S3

78
Q

What compartments of the leg do the

a) tibial
b) superficial fibular
c) common fibular

branches of the sciatic nerve supply?

A

a) Posterior

b) Lateral

c) Anterior

79
Q

Which nerve supplies the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Tibial nerve

80
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial aspect of the leg and ankle and is a branch of the femoral nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

81
Q

Which nerve supplies the dorsal surface of the foot?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

82
Q

Which nerve supplies the lateral aspect of the foot?

A

Sural nerve

83
Q

Which nerve supplies the 1st web space of the foot?

A

Deep fibular nerve

84
Q

What aspects of the foot do the

a) tibial
b) saphenous
c) sural
d) deep fibular
e) superficial fibular nerves supply?

A

a) Plantar surface

b) Medial aspect

c) Lateral aspect

d) 1st web space

e) Dorsal surface

85
Q

When do sympathetic fibres close the internal urethral sphincter in males?

A

Ejaculation

to prevent retrograde ejaculation into bladder

86
Q

Which nerves

a) relax the internal urethral sphincter
b) constrict the external urethral sphincter?

A

a) Parasympathetic

b) Somatic motor

Renal Week 1 2017/18 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions