Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Week 1 2017/18 > 2: Anatomy - lower renal tract > Flashcards

2: Anatomy - lower renal tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the false pelvis?

A

Iliac crests to Pelvic inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the boundaries of the true pelvis?

A

Pelvic inlet to Pelvic floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which muscle is involved in the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which nerve supplies levator ani?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is another name for the pelvic floor?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which renal organs are found in the

a) pelvic cavity
b) perineum?

A

a) Distal ureters, bladder, proximal urethra

b) Distal urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the urethra found?

A

Perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ureters pass along the (anterior / posterior) aspect of the common iliac arteries.

A

anterior

site of anatomical constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At which level do the ureters turn medially to enter the bladder?

A

Ischial spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ureters enter the (anterior / posterior) aspect of the bladder.

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The fact that the ureters enter the posterior aspect of the bladder in a medial direction helps to prevent ___ of urine.

A

reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is more anterior - the common iliac artery or vein?

A

Artery is anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What space is found between the rectum and bladder?

Is it found in males or females?

A

Rectovesical pouch

Most inferior part of MALE peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two spaces found between the pelvic organs in females?

A

Vesico-uterine pouch (between bladder and uterus)

Rectouterine pouch / Pouch of Douglas (between rectum and uterus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which pouch is the most inferior space in the female peritoneal cavity?

A

Rectouterine pouch / Pouch of Douglas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are the ureters found in relation to the uterine / fallopian tubes?

A

Posterior

“water under the bridge”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are the ureters found in relation to the vas deferens in males?

A

Posterior

same idea as females, posterior to uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which artery supplies most of the organs of the pelvis?

A

Internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The arteries supplying the pelvic organs are mostly branches of the ___ ___ artery.

A

internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which branches of the internal iliac artery supply the bladder?

A

Vesical arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which branches of the internal iliac artery supply the

a) uterus in females
b) prostate gland in males?

A

a) Uterine arteries

b) Prostatic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which branch of the internal iliac artery supplies the vagina in females?

A

Vaginal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which organ is found in the true pelvic cavity and stores and voids urine?

A

Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is in contact with the superior surface of the bladder?

A

Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What holes are found on the posterior aspect of the bladder and act as insertions for the left and right ureters?

A

Ureteric orifices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the other word for the posterior aspect of the bladder?

A

Base of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What tube emerges from the inferior aspect of the bladder?

A

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is found at the inferior aspect of the bladder in males and can hypertrophy, causing urinary tract problems?

A

Prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What hole is found between the inferior aspect of the bladder and the prostate gland in males?

A

Internal urethral orifice + SPHINCTER

Internal urethral sphincter only found in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What structure is formed by the boundaries beween the right and left ureteric orifices and the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Trigone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which muscle forms the bulk of the wall of the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

32
Q

Which holes are closed by the detrusor muscle of the bladder?

A

Left and right ureteric orifices

Internal urethral orifice

33
Q

Why does the detrusor muscle close the

a) ureteric orifices
b) internal urethral sphincter?

A

a) Prevents reflux of urine into ureters

b) Prevents retrograde ejaculation into bladder in males

34
Q

Which bone of the pelvis does the bladder lie posterior to?

A

Pubic bone

35
Q

What organ is the most anterior in the pelvic cavity?

A

Bladder

36
Q

Which organ sits on top of the bladder in females?

A

Uterus

37
Q

Which organ lies inferior to the bladder in males?

A

Prostate gland

38
Q

Which pouch is the most inferior in

a) males
b) females?

A

a) Rectovesical pouch

b) Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

39
Q

Where is the apex of the bladder?

A

Anterior surface

40
Q

How can the bladder be catheterised?

A

Urethral (more common)

Suprapubic (through the anterior abdominal wall directly into bladder)

41
Q

In females, does the internal urethral orifice have a sphincter?

A

No

Not required

42
Q

The internal urethral sphincter (in males) is made up of ___ muscle.

The external urethral sphincter is made up of ___ muscle.

A

internal - smooth muscle - involuntary

external - skeletal muscle - voluntary

similar to anal sphincters

43
Q

How many nuclei do

a) skeletal muscle
b) smooth muscle
c) cardiac muscle

cells have?

Where are their nuclei found?

A

a) Skeletal - multiple nuclei, peripheral, striated

b) Smooth - one nucleus, central

c) Cardiac - one nucleus, central, striated

44
Q

What are the three sections of urethra found in males?

A

Prostatic urethra

Membranous urethra

Spongy urethra

45
Q

Where are the testes held in males?

A

Scrotum

46
Q

What is the path that sperm takes from the testes to the external urethral orifice?

A

Seminiferous tubules

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct

Prostatic urethra

Spongy urethra

External urethral orifice

47
Q

Which gland secretes into the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal gland

48
Q

The testes develop in the abdomen and descend into the scrotum through which structures?

A

Inguinal canals

49
Q

Which tube contains the structures which support the testes?

What are these structures?

A

Spermatic cord

Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus > testicular vein, vas deferens, lymphatics and nerves

50
Q

Within the scrotum, which sac do the testes sit in?

A

Tunica vaginalis

51
Q

What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

52
Q

What does the testicular vein come from?

A

Pampiniform plexus

53
Q

What is excess fluid in the testes called?

A

Hydrocele

54
Q

What is twisting of the spermatic cord called?

A

Testicular torsion

55
Q

Which part of the inguinal canal does the spermatic cord pass out of?

A

Deep inguinal ring

56
Q

The testicular arteries emerge from the (anterior / lateral) surface of the abdominal aorta.

A

lateral branches

57
Q

Once they have passed through the deep inguinal ring, where do the right and left testicular veins drain to?

A

Left testicular vein > Left renal vein >IVC

Right testicular vein > IVC

58
Q

After the deep inguinal ring, where does the vas deferens go?

A

Turns medially and enters the pelvis

59
Q

The vas deferens pass along the (anterior / posterior) aspect of the bladder.

A

posterior aspect

60
Q

Which glands are found on the posterior aspect of the bladder and secrete semen into the ejaculatory ducts?

A

Seminal glands

61
Q

The ejaculatory ducts drains into the urethra within which gland?

A

Prostate gland

62
Q

How does the prostate gland drain its contents into the prostatic urethra?

A

Prostatic ducts

63
Q

Which muscle is the inferior aspect of the prostatic gland in contact with?

A

Levator ani muscle

64
Q

The prostate gland can be divided into which three areas?

A

Left and right peripheral zones

Central zone

65
Q

Where do most prostate cancers arise?

A

Peripheral zones

66
Q

How can the peripheral zones of the prostate gland be palpated?

A

PR exam

67
Q

Which pelvic bone is the root of the penis attached to?

A

Ischium

68
Q

What is the head of the penis called?

A

Glans

69
Q

Where is the external urethral orifice found in males?

A

Glans

70
Q

What are the three cyclinders of erectile tissue found in the penis?

A

Right and left CORPUS CAVERNOSUM (posterior, contain arteries for erection)

CORPUS SPONGIOSUM (anterior, contains spongy urethra)

71
Q

Which arteries supply the penis?

A

Internal iliac artery >

Internal pudendal artery >

Deep arteries of the penis

72
Q

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

A

Internal pudendal artery

AND

External iliac artery

73
Q

What is the blood supply to the

a) penis
b) scrotum?

A

a) Internal iliac arteries -> Internal pudendal arteries -> Deep arteries

b) Internal pudendal arteries AND External iliac arteries

74
Q

What lymph nodes drain the

a) scrotum and penis
b) testes?

A

a) Superficial inguinal nodes

b) Lumbar nodes (as they descend from abdomen during development)

Come up in exams - learn them

75
Q

Which parts of the male gonads are drained by

a) lumbar nodes
b) superficial inguinal nodes?

A

a) Testes

b) Penis and scrotum

Renal Week 1 2017/18 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions