8. Acids Bases And Salt Flashcards
Acid + metal
Metal salt + hydrogen
Effect of acid on litmus paper
Turns blue litmus red
Acid + metal hydroxide
Salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate
Metal salt + water + co2
Acid + metal oxide
Salt + water
Aqueous ammonia + acid
Ammonium-nonmetal
What is alkali
A base that is soluble in water
Effect of alkali on litmus paper
Turn red litmus paper blue
Except for CaCO3 because it does not dissolve in water to for an alkaline solution
Acid + base
Salt + water
Alkali + ammonium compounds
Salt + ammonia + water
Cause is acidic soil
Acid rain
Bacteria and fungi rotting the vegetation so that it releases acid
Use is fertilizer containing ammonium salt
How too neutral die the soil if it is too acidic
Adding crushed limestone (calcium carbonate)
Caco3(s) + 2h+(aq) -> ca2+ (aq) + co2(g) +h20(l)
Add lime to neutralize the excess acid
Cao(s) + 2h+(aq) -> ca2+(aq) + h20(l)
What if the soil is too alkaline
Farmers spray very dilute h2so4
What is the ionic equation for all combination of acid and alkali
Oh-(aq) + h+(aq) -> h20(l)
Describe Proton transfer
Acids are proton donor because they give away h+ ions when reacting with a base
Base is a proton acceptor - it removes protons from an acid
What determines strong acid?
Completely ionized when it dissolves in water -> no molecules of acid present
More ionized the acid is, the stronger it is
Strong acid conducts electricity > weak acid - bc there is a greater concentration of ions
Reacts faster bc there is a > concentration of H+ in the strong acid
Describe strong bases and weak bases
Strong bases are completely ionised in water
Weak bases are partly ionised in water
All hydroxide of alkali metals are strong bases
Strong bases : high electrical conductivity, react faster
What is oxide
A compound of oxygen an another element (metals or non metals)
4 types of oxide
Acidic oxide
Basic oxide
Amphoteric oxide
Neutral oxide
Describe acidic oxide
Oxides of non metal Often gases at rtp React with water to form acid React with base and alkaline to form salt and water Do not react with acid Non metal monoxide is not acidic oxide
Describe basic oxide
Oxides of metal
Solid at rtp
Most are insoluble in water, except g1 metal oxide
React with acid to form salt and water
G1 and g2 metal react with water to form a metal hydroxide and an alkaline solution
Describe amphoteric oxide
Oxide of al, zn and pb
Can behave as acidic oxide or basic oxide
Describe neutral oxides
Do not react with acid or base
Usually non metal oxide - n2o, no, co, h2o
Insoluble in water
