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BD EXAM 2 > 8-27 Stress!! > Flashcards

8-27 Stress!! Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

is a physical or psychological threat to the “norm” of our bodily state which as result –>creates an adaptive response that works to protect the body from that threat

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2
Q

Coping

A

Emotional/Cognitive or behavioral response generated in response to a Stress Event

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of Stress?

**Describe each

A

Acute Stress vs. CHRONIC STRESS
**Acute=Alarm rxn/may save your life/Quick Recovery!

CHRONIC STRESS=
constant-repeated/impairs Immune Sys/NO RECOVERY :-((

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4
Q

Allostasis

A

fundamental process in which organisms actively adjust to both predictable AND unpredictable events. Maintain stability via change!

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5
Q

Allogenic Load

A

Challenges that cause an organism to begin and carry out EXTRA EFFORTS to maintain stability

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6
Q

What is the Life Events Scale

A

Measures stress and the chance of becoming ill from a stressful event!

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7
Q

Describe physiology behind the IMMEDIATE response of Stress [3]

A

-IMMEDIATE=2-3 seconds and short lived.

  • Autonomic:
  • SYMP uses POSTERIOR hypothalamus to end organs using NorEpi=AROUSAL
  • *ParaSympathetic uses anterior hypothalamus to end organs using acetylcholine=slowing&restoration

-Sensory info is interpreted by neocortex and then integrated via limbic system

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8
Q

Describe physiology behind INTERMEDIATE response of Stress [3]

A
  • INTRMDIATE: 20-30 second response
  • Onsets AFTER IMMEDIATE response occurs to further carry out the same effects
  • Epi and NorEpi are released from Adrenal MEDULLA
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9
Q

Describe physiology behind PROLONGED/___ Stress response?

A

PROLONGED/ENDOCRINE Stress Response:
-Takes minutes/hours/days or weeks
-HARDEST to activate and requires GREATEST intensity of stimuli
-Uses 4 endocrine axes ———–>
[HPAC vs.Somatotrophic vs. Thyroid vs. Post Pituitary]

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10
Q

Describe the HPA (______) endocrine axis of the PROLONGED/ENDOCRINE Stress Response [3]

A

1.HPA (Hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal)axis=
~HIppocampus causes hypothal to release CRF–>
~~CRF goes to Ant Pit to make it release ACTH–>
~~~ACTH goes to stimulate adrenal CORTEX = glucocorticoid cortisol and corticosterone

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11
Q

[T or F] Adrenal Cortex Corticosteroids DEC the effects of insulin on blood glucose but INC overall glucose production

A

TRUE!

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12
Q

[T or F] Adrenal Corticosteroids actually INC the breakdown of Proteins

A

TRUE!

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13
Q

Epininphrine and NorEpi can cause the production and release of _____

A

Epi and NorEpi may lead to CYTOKINE production & release

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14
Q

How do Glucocorticoids DEC overall immune function when they’re released from the ___ ____

A

Glucocorticoids (from ADRENAL CORTEX) shifts the type of T-helper cells and cytokines secreted

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15
Q

Cortisol acts on _____ receptors to have what 3 things occur?

A

Cortisol acts on Glucocorticoid receptors to

1) inhibit lymphocyte proliferation
2) stop pro-inflammatory cytokine production
3) Shift from Th1(immediate threat) –>Th2(Long term) cell activity

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16
Q

Limbic System includes the ____, ____ and _____

A

Limbic system=Amygdala(emotional memory),

Hippocampus (LONG TERM memory) and Brainstem

17
Q

What does the 3 MAJOR Stress and Emotion CNS Pathways each include: [HUGE CHART-DRAW IT]

A
  1. A.Frontal Cortex(appraisals/coping response/memory)
    B. Amygdala&BNST //// C. Septal Region-N.Accumbens
    —————————————————————————-
  2. A.Hypothalamus(HACER/PVN)
    B. Autonomic&Endocrine outputs //
    C.Brainstem(VTA-dopamine /Raphe-Serotonin /Locus Coeruleus-NE)
    —————————————————-
  3. Peripheral Tissues(Response/Characteristics)
18
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

When a person FIRST ask “Is a particular stressor a possible threat to me?”. If No= NO RESULTING STRESS
If Yes=Goes to secondary appraisal

19
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

Comes AFTER person has decided a stressor is a threat! They now ask “Do I have enough energy/support/resources to cope with this possible threat??”
If No=NEGATIVE STRESS
if YES=POSITIVE STRESS ++ ++

20
Q

Who are “Hardy People”

A

People who use stress buffers like commitment, challenge and control to engage in POSITIVE SECONDARY APPRAISALS of possible threats–>DEC in illness index

21
Q

Stress will ____[INC/dec] Catecholomine, ___[INC/dec] Blood Pressure and ____[INC/dec] lipid levels

A

Stress INC Catecholomines and INC Blood pressure and INC lipid levels as well!

22
Q

What are 3 common Health behaviors you’ll se from pts as a result of Stress?

A
  1. Delay/DEC in seeking healthcare for problems
  2. Depression from feeling hopeless/lost of control
  3. DEC therapy compliance
23
Q

[T or F] Stress can cause skin problems like Eczema and Psoriasis

A

TRUE! AS WELL AS PREMATURE EJACULATION IN MEN AND MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS IN WOMEN!

24
Q

What GI problems can Stress be linked to? [4]

A
  • IBS
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Gastritis
  • stomach ulcers
25
Q

Life Stress is associated with a __-fold ___[INC/dec] in susceptibility to the common cold virus!

A

Life Stress–> 2-FOLD INC in Common Cold Susceptibility!

26
Q

Severe Life stress is associated with a___-fold INC in HIV progression and a ___-fold INC in HIV mortality from just the stress

A

Severe Life stress is associated w/a 4-FOLD INC in HIV PROGRESSION and..
2.6-fold increase in HIV mortality from just stress alone

27
Q

Describe the known effects Stress has with CVD

A
  • 50% INC in CVD with high work stress
  • Stress effect on CV system mediated by SAM system
  • INC in CVD after emotional trauma/natural disasters
28
Q

What are the 2 Statistics regarding Stress and Depression

A
  1. 20-25% of all people who undergo a major stressful event develop Depression
  2. 50-80% of depressed people developed tht depression within 3-6 months of experiencing a major stressful event
29
Q

What is Psychosomatic/Somatic Symptom Disorder?

A

Physical Sx that are PSYCHOLOGICALLY CAUSED. “mind-body” illness exacerbated by stress

30
Q

What are the two connections between Stress and Autoimmune Disorders?

A
  1. Maladaptive hyper- or hypoactive responses of the HPA or SNS(Sympathetic Nervous System) to stress
    - —–>Autoimmune Disorders
  2. Disregulation of stress activation &recovery mechanisms—->Chronic Immune Changes and Autoimmune probs !
31
Q

List the 5 R’s of Stress/Anxiety Reduction

A
  • RECOGNIZE causes & sources of threat and educate self
  • RELATIONSHIPS are good for support, help, reassurance
  • REMOVE self from threat/stressor to manage stimulus
  • RELAX w/techniques like meditation, imagery, massage
  • RE-ENGAGE thru managed re-exposure &densensitization
32
Q

Problem-Focused Coping to Stress [3]

A

*Planful Problem solving to form solutions and directly attack problem

  • Accept one’s role in a situation while trying to make things right
  • Confrontive Coping=take assertive action that often involves using other people
33
Q

Emotion-Focused Coping to Stress [5]

A
  • Seek social support(can be problem-focused too)
  • Distance and detach from stressor
  • Positively Reappraise->+ meaning
  • Cognitive restructuring=alter stressful thinking
  • Use wishful thinking to escape/avoid problem
34
Q

What is an example of an “Emotional Reasoning” irrational thought?

A

“I feel so depressed, this must be the worse place to work in the world”

35
Q

1) What is Relaxation Therapy?

2) Name 4 types of Relaxation Therapy?

A

1)Aims to Reduce hyperarousal or curb emotional-physiological reactivity from Stress

(Progressive muscular relaxation /Mental imagery / Medication / Autogenic training )

BD EXAM 2 (8 decks)

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