8-27 Stress!! Flashcards
Stress
is a physical or psychological threat to the “norm” of our bodily state which as result –>creates an adaptive response that works to protect the body from that threat
Coping
Emotional/Cognitive or behavioral response generated in response to a Stress Event
What are the 2 types of Stress?
**Describe each
Acute Stress vs. CHRONIC STRESS
**Acute=Alarm rxn/may save your life/Quick Recovery!
CHRONIC STRESS=
constant-repeated/impairs Immune Sys/NO RECOVERY :-((
Allostasis
fundamental process in which organisms actively adjust to both predictable AND unpredictable events. Maintain stability via change!
Allogenic Load
Challenges that cause an organism to begin and carry out EXTRA EFFORTS to maintain stability
What is the Life Events Scale
Measures stress and the chance of becoming ill from a stressful event!
Describe physiology behind the IMMEDIATE response of Stress [3]
-IMMEDIATE=2-3 seconds and short lived.
- Autonomic:
- SYMP uses POSTERIOR hypothalamus to end organs using NorEpi=AROUSAL
- *ParaSympathetic uses anterior hypothalamus to end organs using acetylcholine=slowing&restoration
-Sensory info is interpreted by neocortex and then integrated via limbic system
Describe physiology behind INTERMEDIATE response of Stress [3]
- INTRMDIATE: 20-30 second response
- Onsets AFTER IMMEDIATE response occurs to further carry out the same effects
- Epi and NorEpi are released from Adrenal MEDULLA
Describe physiology behind PROLONGED/___ Stress response?
PROLONGED/ENDOCRINE Stress Response:
-Takes minutes/hours/days or weeks
-HARDEST to activate and requires GREATEST intensity of stimuli
-Uses 4 endocrine axes ———–>
[HPAC vs.Somatotrophic vs. Thyroid vs. Post Pituitary]
Describe the HPA (______) endocrine axis of the PROLONGED/ENDOCRINE Stress Response [3]
1.HPA (Hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal)axis=
~HIppocampus causes hypothal to release CRF–>
~~CRF goes to Ant Pit to make it release ACTH–>
~~~ACTH goes to stimulate adrenal CORTEX = glucocorticoid cortisol and corticosterone
[T or F] Adrenal Cortex Corticosteroids DEC the effects of insulin on blood glucose but INC overall glucose production
TRUE!
[T or F] Adrenal Corticosteroids actually INC the breakdown of Proteins
TRUE!
Epininphrine and NorEpi can cause the production and release of _____
Epi and NorEpi may lead to CYTOKINE production & release
How do Glucocorticoids DEC overall immune function when they’re released from the ___ ____
Glucocorticoids (from ADRENAL CORTEX) shifts the type of T-helper cells and cytokines secreted
Cortisol acts on _____ receptors to have what 3 things occur?
Cortisol acts on Glucocorticoid receptors to
1) inhibit lymphocyte proliferation
2) stop pro-inflammatory cytokine production
3) Shift from Th1(immediate threat) –>Th2(Long term) cell activity
Limbic System includes the ____, ____ and _____
Limbic system=Amygdala(emotional memory),
Hippocampus (LONG TERM memory) and Brainstem
What does the 3 MAJOR Stress and Emotion CNS Pathways each include: [HUGE CHART-DRAW IT]
- A.Frontal Cortex(appraisals/coping response/memory)
B. Amygdala&BNST //// C. Septal Region-N.Accumbens
—————————————————————————- - A.Hypothalamus(HACER/PVN)
B. Autonomic&Endocrine outputs //
C.Brainstem(VTA-dopamine /Raphe-Serotonin /Locus Coeruleus-NE)
—————————————————- - Peripheral Tissues(Response/Characteristics)
Primary Appraisal
When a person FIRST ask “Is a particular stressor a possible threat to me?”. If No= NO RESULTING STRESS
If Yes=Goes to secondary appraisal
Secondary Appraisal
Comes AFTER person has decided a stressor is a threat! They now ask “Do I have enough energy/support/resources to cope with this possible threat??”
If No=NEGATIVE STRESS
if YES=POSITIVE STRESS ++ ++
Who are “Hardy People”
People who use stress buffers like commitment, challenge and control to engage in POSITIVE SECONDARY APPRAISALS of possible threats–>DEC in illness index
Stress will ____[INC/dec] Catecholomine, ___[INC/dec] Blood Pressure and ____[INC/dec] lipid levels
Stress INC Catecholomines and INC Blood pressure and INC lipid levels as well!
What are 3 common Health behaviors you’ll se from pts as a result of Stress?
- Delay/DEC in seeking healthcare for problems
- Depression from feeling hopeless/lost of control
- DEC therapy compliance
[T or F] Stress can cause skin problems like Eczema and Psoriasis
TRUE! AS WELL AS PREMATURE EJACULATION IN MEN AND MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS IN WOMEN!
What GI problems can Stress be linked to? [4]
- IBS
- Ulcerative colitis
- Gastritis
- stomach ulcers
