8 Flashcards
Motivation is psychological forces that determine: _, _, _?
Behaviour, commitment, persistence.
What is Intrinsically motivated behaviour?
Individual performing for its own sake
What is Extrinsically motivated behaviour?
Performed to acquire or avoid a punishment.
What is Prosocially motivated behaviour?
Performed to benefit others.
People seek _____
Outcome
Organizations must obtain _______
Inputs
3 motivation factors
- Personal characteristics
- Nature of job
- Nature of organization
People are motivated to satisfy their ______
Needs
Five Basic Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Lowest - Highest
Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Esteem, Self-actualization.
Herzberg’s Motivator Hygiene Theory two factors.
- Outcomes can lead to high motivation and job satisfaction.
- Outcomes that can prevent people from being dissatisfied.
Two Factor Theory of Herzberg
Motivator needs: Work challenges
Hygiene needs: Context in which work is performed
McClelland’s Need for _____ , ______ , ______.
Need for Achievement: strong desire to meet personal standards of excellence
Need for Affiliation: concerns an indiviual has about maintaning good interpersonal relations with others.
Need for Power: concerns with their ability to control or influence others.
What are the 5 job characteristics model?
Skill variety, Task significance, Task identity, Autonomy, Feedback.
Process theories?
Process by which employee behaviour can be aroused and then directed.
Expectancy theory? and who found it? and what are the 3 factors?
Victor Vroom stated that motivation will be high when workers feel that: effort linked to performance = performance to rewards = rewards to satisfy personal goals.
Expectancy: perception to which effort will result in performance.
Instrumentality: performance at a certain level will receive a reward.
Valence: how desirable the outcomes/rewards are.
Underpayment inequity?
Person perceives that their own outcome ratio is perceived to be less than the referent.
Overpayment inequity?
Person perceives that their own outcome ration is perceived to be greater than the referent.
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Formal system of evaluating subordinates on ability to achieve organizational goals.
Learning theories?
Focus on increasing employee motivation and performance by linking the performance of desired behaviours and the attainment of goals.
Operant Conditioning Theory.
People learn which behaviours lead to desired and undesired consequences.
What is positive reinforcement?
Gives people the outcome they desire
What is negative reinforcement?
Doesn’t give the outcome that people desire
What is extinction?
Stopping the performance of dysfunctional behaviours
What is punishment?
Administering an undesired consequence when dysfunctional behaviour occurs.
What is social learning theory?
Motivation results from direct experience of rewards and punishments and also from a person’s thoughts and beliefs.
Vicarious learning (observational learning)
Learning becomes motivated by watching another person perform the activity.
What is self reinforcement?
Learner sets goals for themselves then reinforces it once its been achieved.
What is Self Efficacy?
Persons belief about their own ability
Employee recognition programs?
Management expressions of interest, approval and appreciation of job.
Elements of total reward strategy
- Nonfinancial recognition
- Career development opportunities
- Base and Merit pay
- Opportunities for Training and Development.
How does pay motivate?
- Goal setting theory
- Learning theory
- Equity theory
- Expectancy theory
- Need theories
