8,000 BC - 600 CE (Raine) Flashcards
Vedas
“Wisdom”, early collections of prayers and hymns that provide info about the Indo-European Aryans who migrated to India (1500bce)
Theocracy
A gov ruled by God or by church leaders (heavily religious gov)
Aristocracy
A class of ppl holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility
Artisan
A craftsman (ppl who work with their hands)
Civilization
A cultural group: •advanced cities •complex institutions •skilled workers •advanced tech •system of record keeping
Edict of Milan
A doc that made Christianity allowed in the Roman Empire (state religion?)
Polis
A Greek city-state
Indo-Europeans
A groups of semi-nomadic ppl who, around 2000bce began to migrate from Central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East
Brahmin
A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society
Quetzalcoatl
A Mesoamerican legend of a God who could someday return to rule his ppl in peace
Huns
A nomadic group, believed to be from Central Asia, who invaded into Europe near the end of Rome
Democracy
A political system in which the ppl rule
Hieroglyphics
A system of picture writing used in Egypt
Cuneiform
A system of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay
Foraging
A term for hunting and gathering
Covenant
agreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind
Slash and burn cultivation
An agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees, then using the ashes as fertilizer
Pharaoh
An Egyptian monarch
Artifact
An object made by human hands
Oracle bones
Animal bones or shells used by Chinese priests to receive messages from the gods
Bodhisattvas
Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetime; Buddhist prayed to them in order to receive some of their holiness
Silk Roads
Caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East
Analects
Collection of teachings and sayings made by Confucius
Jati
Complicated system of subcastes in the Hindu caste system
Steppe
Dry grassland
Mystery religion
During the Hellenistic age, religions that promised their faithful followers and eternal state of bliss
Yahweh
God of the monotheistic religion of Judaism, later influencing Christianity and Islam
Aristotle
Greek philosopher who rejected the theory of forms and ideas, he believed that ppl could depend on their senses and reason to answer the mysteries of the world
Yin and yang
In ancient Chinese belief, the opposing forces that bring balance to nature and life
Nirvana
In Buddhism, a state of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation
Filial piety
In China, respect for ones parents and other elders
Moksha
In Hindu belief the spirit’s liberation from the cycle of reincarnation
Karma
Hindu tradition: the good or evil deeds done by a person
Latifundia
Large landholding in the Roman Empire (//plantations)
Alexander the Great
Macedonian king who led an army Eastward and conquered land from Greece to India. Brilliant military leader, his death = start of Hellenistic Era
Ziggurat
Mesopotamian temples
Disciple
One of the 12 followers of Christ, or any of the professed followers of Christ in his lifetime
Zoroastrianism
Persian religion based on the teachings of 6th century bce prophet Zarathustra
Period 1 Acronym
D.A.R.T.H= domestication, agriculture, river vallyes, transregional trade and technology, Hittites/iron
Patriarchal
Pertaining to a social system in which the father is the head of the family
Reincarnation
Rebirth; a belief of both Hinduism and Buddhism
Matrilineal
Referring to a social system in which descent and inheritance is traced through the mother
Twelve tables
The codification of Roman laws during the republic
Mandate of Heaven
The “will of the gods” that granted a ruler the right to rule
Geocentric theory
The belief held by many before the Scientific Revolution that the earth is the center of the universe
Polytheism
The belief of many gods
Monotheism
The belief in one gods
Animism
The belief that spirit inhabit the features of nature
Hsiung-nu
The central nomadic ppl who invaded China in the ancient world
Sati
The custom amongst the higher castes of Hinduism in which a widow throws herself on the burning pyre of her husband (@funeral)
Specialization of labor
The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work
Hellenistic age
The era in which Greek culture blended with Persian and other Eastern influence and spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great
Diaspora
The exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland
Torah
The first book of the Jewish scripture
Pope
The head of the Roman Catholic Church
Varna
The Hindu word for caste
Independent invention
The idea that ancient civilizations were able to achieve characteristics of civilizations without contact with others
Neolithic revolution
Introduction of agriculture, domestication of animals, and a more sedentary life during the Neolithic age
Ten Commandments
The moral law of the Hebrews
Stoicism
The most popular Hellenistic philosophy; it involved strict discipline and an emphasis on helping others
Neolithic Age
The New Stone Age that was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture
Climate
The pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time
New testament
The portion of the Christian Bible that contains the Gospels that relate the account of the life of Jesus; letters from the followers of Jesus to the early Christian churches and the Book of Revelation, a prophetic text
Dharma
The position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by one’s birth
Pastoralism
The practice of herding
Messiah
The religious term for “any expected deliverer”
Pax Romana
The Roman Peace; the period of prosperity and stability throughout the Roman Empire in the 1st two centuries ce
Untouchables
The social division in the Hindu society that fell in a rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection
Agricultural Revolution
The transition from foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000-2000bc; also known as the Neolithic Revolution
Cultural Diffusion
The transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another
