600 CE - 1450 (Raine) Flashcards
Period 3 Acronym
T.I.M.B.E.R= Tang/Song, Islam/Incas, Mongols/Mali, Byzantine, Europe, Regionalized
Ka’aba
A black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam; situated in Mecca, later incorporated into Islamic faith
Syncretism
A blend of two or more cultures or cultural traditions
Austronesian
A branch of languages originating in Oceana
Hadith
A collection of sayings and deeds of Muhammad
Magma Carta
A document written in England in 1215 that granted certain rights to nobles; later these rights came to be extended to all classes
Harem
A household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia
Daimyo
A Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai
Chivalry
A knight’s code of honor in medieval Europe
Mita
A labor system used by Adean (Incan) societies in which community members shared work owed to rulers and their religious community
Maori
A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand (800ce)
Bakufu
A military gov set up in Japan after the Gempei Wars; the emperor became a figurehead while real power was concentrated in the military, including the samurai
Khan
A Mongol ruler
Astrolabe
A navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars
Serf
A peasant bound to the land that he or she works
Neo-Confucianism
A philosophy that blended Confucianism and Buddhism
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between lord and vassal in order to provide protection
Parliament
A representative assembly, most notably in England
Kowtow
A ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court
Caravel
A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations
Stateless society
A society that is based on the authority of kinship groups rather than on a central gov
Quipus
A system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for record keeping
Manorialism
A system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe
Zakat
A tax; comprising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor: the third of the Pillars of Islam
People of the book
A term applied by Islamic govs to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book
Minaret
A tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship
Lateen sails
A triangular sail attached to a short mast
Age grade
Age groups into which children were placed in Bantu Societies of early Sub-Saharan Africa; children within the age grade were given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner were prepared for adult responsibilities
Abacus
An ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters
Tea ceremony
An ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto
Quechua
An Andean (Incan) society
Perspective
An artistic technique commonly used in Renaissance painting that gave a three-dimensional appearance to works of art
Sultan
An Islamic ruler
Gothic architecture
Architecture of 12th c Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches
Arabesque
Artwork first seen in Muslim lands. A type of curvilinear decoration in painting, metalwork, etc, with intricate intertwining leaf, flower, animal, or geometrical designs
Calpulli
Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders
Toltecs
Central American society that was centered around the city of Tula
Ming dynasty
Chinese dynasty founded by Hongwu and known for its cultural brilliance
Yuan dynasty
Chinese dynasty founded by Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan
Celadon
Chinese porcelain that has pale, green, and translucent glaze
Mississippians
First society ppl located in central North America
Five Pillars
Five practices required by Muslims: faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage
Foot binding
In China, a method of breaking and binding women’s feet; seen as a sign of beauty and social position, foot binding also confined women to the household
Ayllus
In Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler
Parallel descent
In Incan society, descent through both the mother and the father
Fief
In medieval Europe, a grant of land given in exchange for military, or other services
Benefice
In medieval Europe, a grant of land or other privilege to a vassal
Vassal
In medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other device to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege
Jihad
Islamic holy war
Junks
Large Chinese sailing especially designed for a long-distance travel during the Tang and Song Dynasties
Flying money
Letters of Credit issued in place of coins
Shogun
Military leader under the bakufu
Sufis
Muslims who attempted to reach Allah through mysticism
Bantu-speaking ppls
Name given to a group of sub-Saharan African ppls whose migrations altered the society of sub-Saharan Africa
Muslim
One who submits; a follower of Islam
Medieval
Pertaining to the Middle Ages of European history
Chinampas
Platforms of twisted vines and mud that served the Aztecs as floating gardens and extended their agricultural land
Chimor
Pre-Incan South American society that fell to the Incas (1400s ce)
Bushi
Regional military leaders in Japan who rules small kingdoms from fortresses
Malay sailors
SE Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 ce the had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana
Griots
Storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories
Middle Kingdom
Term applied to the rich agricultural lands of the Yangtze Ricer valley under the Zhou dynasty
Kamikaze
The “divine wind” credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion of Japan during the 1200s
Battle of Tours
The 732 battle that halted the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in Northern France
Investiture
The authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials
Shariah
The body of law that governs Muslim society
Sunni
believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the Sunnis are the largest branch of Islam
Shi’ite
believes that leader must be a descendent of Muhammad
Caliph
The chief Muslim political and religious leader
Scholar gentry
The Chinese class of well educated men from whom many bureaucrats were chosen
Bushido
Samurai code of honor
Umma
Community of Muslim believers
Moldboard plow
The curved metal plate in a plow that turns over an earth from the furrow
Black Death
The European name for the outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africa in the 1300s
Hijrah (hegira)
The flight of Mohammad from Mecca to Medina, the 1st year in Muslim calendar
Allah
The God of Muslims; Arabic word for God
Metropolitan
The head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Quran
The holy book of Islam
Ramadan
The holy month of Islam which commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; FASTING month
Dar al-Islam
The House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of various Islamic groups
Mosque
The house of worship of followers of Islam
Sepukku
The Japanese practice of ritual suicide
Samurai
The military class of feudal Japan
Anasazi
The name given to the pueblo dwelling natives in SW N American continent
Mexica
The name given to themselves by the Aztec ppl
Tribute
The payment of a tax in the form of goods and labor by subject ppls
Mongol Peace (Pax Mongolica)
1250-1350 which the Mongols ensured the safety of Eurasian trade and travel
Middle Ages
European history 500-1500
Hajj
The pilgrimage to the Ka’aba in Mecca required once every Muslim who was not limited by health or financial restrictions
Excommunication
The practice of Roman Catholic churches and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who don’t comply with the church teachings or practices
Renaissance
The revival of learning in Europe beginning about 1300 - 1600
Shogunate
The rule of shoguns
Inca
The ruler of the Quecha ppl of west coast of S America; also applied to the Quechua ppl as a whole
Steppe Diplomacy
The skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads; it involved the knowledge of tribal and clan structure and often used assassinations to accomplish its goals
Shinto
The traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature
Moundbuilders
The various American tribes who, in prehistoric and early historic times, erected the burial mounds and other earthworks of the Mississippi drainage basin and the SE US
Mamluks
Turkish military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 9th and 10th centuries; founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from 1200s - 1500s
Gempei wars
Wars in Japan that pitted the Samurai against the peasants
