7.Consolidation And Expansion Of The British Empire In Africa

Question 1

Until the 1880s what was the strategy of the British establishing bases

Answer 1

Usually it was for their strategic value or purposes of trade,e.g matching settlements captured by the Germans or french

Question 2

From the 1890s what happened to British strategy when taking territory

Answer 2

It became more assertive

Question 3

What did the British demand of the Asante people after their continued resistance to British rule

Answer 3

They ordered the king to turn over the rest of his territory to the British as a protecterate

Question 4

What happened in the fourth Anglo-Asante war

Answer 4

The British conquered the Asante territories and forced Prempeh from his throne in 1896

Question 5

When was the annexation of Ashantiland and why

Answer 5

A final Asante uprising in 1900 led to Britain’s formal annexation of the kingdom

Question 6

How did the British take Nigeria

Answer 6

In an 1890 agreement with the French,the French agreed to recognise Britains dominance of the area so long as their colony in Madagascar was recognised.The British then took over responsibility from the Royal Niger control and unified Nigeria in 1914

Question 7

What happened in Zanzibar and when

Answer 7

After the death of the ‘puppet’ sultan.His cousin succeeded him without Britain’s blessing,After asking the cousin (Khalid) to leave his refusal meant the Britain began bombing Zanzibar,The war lasted 38 minutes with 500 Zanzibari deaths and one injured soldier on the British side.The pro British Sultan Hamud was placed on the throne

Question 8

How did Uganda become a protectorate

Answer 8

There was a civil war in Uganda,The British were given some sovereignty,revenue,trade and the administration of power in return for the backing of the King Mwanga in said civil war

Question 9

What was the Uganda railway

Answer 9

A railway constructed in 1896 from Mombasa to connect the coast with the fertile and temperate highlands bordering Lake Victoria

Question 10

How was Kenya taken over by the British

Answer 10

Due to the succesion dispute between the indigenous people and native Muslims,The British forced their control on Kenya,Sheikh Mbaruk took up arms against the British who crushed the rebellion in 9 months with Sheikh Mbaruk fleeing with Kenya officially becoming a colony in 1920

Question 11

Why did the British launch another campaign in Sudan

Answer 11

To protect British interests in Egypt/The Nile,There were worries over a potential Sudanese invasion and even more of another European power taking the headwaters of the Nile which were key to Egypt

Question 12

When was the second campaign in Sudan

Answer 12

1896

Question 13

When was the second campaign in Sudan

Answer 13

1896

Question 14

Where was General Sir Herbert Kitchener ordered to go as far as in Sudan but where did he actually go as far as

Answer 14

He was ordered to go only as far as Dongola,However he wanted to take over the whole country and take Khartoum

Question 15

What happened in the second Sudanese expedition

Answer 15

The new modern weapons of the British were too much for the Sudanese,The British won a decisive victory at Omdurman in 1898

Question 16

What happened after the second Sudanese expedition

Answer 16

Both the French and British had a claim to Fashoda on the headwaters of the Nile,There was a disagreement however due to internal French issues the British were given in in 1899

Question 17

How was Rhodesia captured

Answer 17

There was gold discovered in the region,As a result Cecil Rhodes established mining concessions and was followed by a group of settlers who wanted to form a protectorate.

Question 18

What happened and when were the Ndebele wars

Answer 18

The first Ndebele war was from 1893-94,The Ndebele were defeated however their leader survived.There was a second war in 1895-96 which was again crushed.

Question 19

What happened in Nyasaland when the British tried to take it and when was this

Answer 19

Nyasaland (a small territory on the shores of Lake Nyasa) had been opened up by Livingstone.However they faced Portuguese backed arab attacks,They finally took control in 1891 however Guerrilla warfare continued until 1897 however in 1907 it became a Protecterate as a part of Rhodes’s south africa

Question 20

When was the quest for a British confederation of South Africa taken up

Answer 20

The 1890s largely to counter German territorial gains and the Boer confidence derived from the Transvaal’s gold wealth

Question 21

What happened in the Jameson Raid

Answer 21

A raid was launched into Transvaal by Dr Jameson This wasn’t goverment backed however did ruin the reputation of the British,The Boers still living in the cape colony formed an anti-British Afrikaner bind to show their solidarity

Question 22

How did the Second Anglo-Boer war come about and when was it

Answer 22

Negotiations with the Boers broke down in 1899,The Boers wanted to strike first and so invaded British territory and besieged Ladysmith in Natal.The Boer war ran from 1899-1902

Question 23

What happened in the second Anglo-Boer war

Answer 23

After the Boers striking first against the British in Natal,The British fought back,pouring in nearly 400,000 troops from around the empire,They fought against the Boers,using tactics to remove civilian support,winning in 1902

Question 24

What policy did the British employ in the second Boer war

Answer 24

The ‘Scorched Earth’ policy including decimating and burning villages and farms,and putting Boer natives into concentration camps

Question 25

What treaty ended the war

Answer 25

The Peace of Vereeniging

Question 26

What was the problem with the ‘concentration camps’ used in the second Anglo Boer war

Answer 26

Thousands died of disease and starvatiom

Question 27

What did the ‘Peace of Vereeniging’ mean for the Boers

Answer 27

The Boer republics became British colonies with a promise of sensible self goverment

Question 28

When did the Union of South Africa become a part of the empire

Answer 28

1910