2.Imperial And Colonial Policy

Question 1

What did policy decisions in the rule of overseas territories lie with

Answer 1

The elected goverment

Question 2

What was created in 1801 for control of foreign policy

Answer 2

The colonial policy

Question 3

What was the colonial office headed by

Answer 3

A cabinet minister,However this position was mainly seen as a stepping stone

Question 4

As the course of the nineteenth century continued what happened to the work of the colonial office

Answer 4

It increased however they didn’t talk about all colonies,Some were ruled as settler colonies

Question 5

What is Liberalism

Answer 5

A political movement that was based on liberty and equality,Became a major movement in Europe in the nineteenth century

Question 6

What was the expansion into India largely overseen by

Answer 6

The British East India company

Question 7

What system had Britain moved towards following the 1838 Durham Report

Answer 7

‘Responsible Goverment’ in the colonies where British governors ruled with the support of representative assemblies

Question 8

What happened when Indian Sepoys in the East India company revolted and when was it

Answer 8

In 1857 Indian Sepoys revolted due to longstanding grievances,It lasted a year and caused thousands of death,It was violently crushed by the British army who came over and assumed control of India from the East India company in 1858

Question 9

What did the Goverment of India act 1858 entail

Answer 9

The east India company’s territories were passed to the queen
The position of Secretary of State was created
A council of 15 people who were experiences in Indian affairs were appointed to help the Secretary
The crown appointed a Viceroy to replace the Company’s Governer General
The Indian civil service was placed under the control of the secretary of state

Question 10

How was India ruled

Answer 10

The viceroy (ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign) ruled India through a chain of white British authority supported by an Indian Civil service that blocked Indians from high level positions.This had around 1000 members.In particular the Viceroy relied on the rulers of the 565 Princely states

Question 11

How was the Army in India improved after the rebellion

Answer 11

Before the rebellion there were roughly 40k troops,After there were 70k Britons and 125k Indians,These Indians were separated in regions and also purposely were of different caste and religion to prevent any sense of unity

Question 12

Why were there threats to Britain and it’s colonial policy

Answer 12

Germany had united creating a new powerhouse in Europe,The Industrial Revolution had allowed France and Russia to transform their economy and consequently their millitary.

Question 13

How did France and Russia threaten Britains colonies

Answer 13

Their new naval building programmes created threats,France had a foothold in Indio china as it took over Vietnam,Russia created the trans Siberian railway which went into Asia,Both of these threatened British interests in Asia.

Question 14

What is the ‘Scramble for Africa’

Answer 14

The partition of the African continent and the panic that caused many European powers to annex many areas of Africa

Question 15

What happened at the Brussels conference and when was it

Answer 15

1876,It was largely for the Belgians to protect their interests in Congo,Decisions made was that Africans were incapable of developing the natural resources to be found in central Africa and European intervention was necessary
The routes to Africa’s Great Lakes need to be developed
An international African association should be established to coordinate their efforts

Question 16

What happened at the Berlin Conference

Answer 16

Africa was split into parts and ‘spheres of influence’ where countries could annex areas.
Decisions made
-All nations can trade in the basin of the Congo and this would be free trade (no restrictions)
-The powers should protect the indigenous population and suppress slave trade
-The powers should support and protect religious scientific or charitable undertakings
-If any power took possession of further land on the coasts it should notify the signatories.

Question 17

What principle was established by the European powers in Africa

Answer 17

Effective Occupation,A European power could say that it effectively had authority over a region and unless another power can make a claim for it,They can annex it.This triggered a further Scramble for Africa

Question 18

What were the consequences of the Berlin conference

Answer 18

It was a success in terms of strengthening European relations and ensuring there were no conflicts in Africa,However it didn’t help the indigenous population who were largely mistreated,Furthermore little was done against the Arab/African slave trade.

Question 19

What’s the ‘Informal Empire’

Answer 19

Areas influenced if not ruled by Britain via deals with local rulers

Question 20

Where did the ‘Informal Empire’ tend to extend into

Answer 20

Into Latin America,Britain’s Public Capital in Latin America by 1865 stood at over 80 million

Question 21

What other countries were under the Informal empire other than Latin America

Answer 21

Thailand,The Chinese empire and Iran