10.Attitudes To Empire-The Role And Influence Of Individuals Flashcards
What was Joseph Chamberlains belief
He believed that the imperial bonds needed reinforcing if empire was to be preserved
What did Chamberlain propose at the colonial conferences and what year were these in
1897 and 1902.At these he proposed an imperial Defense and customs union
What was Chanberlain’s attitude to the Boer war and how was this recieved by the government
He took a hostile stance towards the South Africans which was popular at first however whilst the war continued this meant he lost some of his glory
After chamberlain was passed over for prime minister how did he fight back
He conducted a campaign of tariff reform in an attempt to convince the British public of the need for duties on all foreign goods
What was the belief of Cecil Rhodes
Inspired by social Darwinism he believed it was the right and duty of Anglo-Saxons to dominate Africa and beyond
In order to achieve his social Darwinism view what did Cecil Rhodes want to do
Connect the British colonies of Sudan and Egypt with the cape colony
How did Cecil Rhodes attempt to achieve the connection between Sudan and the cape colony
He violently expanded into territories.For example in 1890 he sent settlers and troops to establish Fort Salisbury in Ndebele territory.The territories he expanded into were to be known as Rhodesia in his honour
Why was Rhodes’s plan for ‘cape to cairo’ stopped
The German occupation of South East Africa
When did Rhodes resign and why
In 1896 after the Jameson Raid
Who was George Curzon
Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905
What did concern about Russian expansion lead Viceroy Curzon to do
He created the North West Frontier Province and dispatched a military expedition into Tibet
What did Curzon do in India
-Established commissions and legislation to improve India’s administration and agriculture
-Reintroduced means tests for famine relief,Preventing a million people in the Bombay region alone from claiming aid
-Oversaw re-arming of Indian regiments and expansion of provincial police
-Promoted scientific and medical education
-Founded Imperial Cadet corps to give Indian nobles a military role
What did Curzon’s racial views lead to
His views on Indians as inferior and his views on religious divides in India meant he was reluctant to give power to Indians.Even stating at the University of Calcutta in 1902 that ‘you cannot do without us’
Why did Curzon have to resign
After the backlash of the division of Bengal
What was the role of Evelyn Baring
Consul-General in Egypt between 1883-1907
What was the guiding principle that Baring put in,in Egypt and what did it entail
‘The granville Doctrine’ allowing him to dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept British directives
What did Baring do in Egypt until 1892 when the new Khedive came into office
-Disbanded Egyptian army due to it being untrustworthy and created new army
-Had total control over economy
-Continually refused Egyptian requests for more authority
What did Khedive Tefwiq’s successor Abbas Hilmi 2 want to do
He wanted to throw off British rule.He encouraged a nationalist movement but baring bullied him into submission
What views did Baring hold in Egypt
Baring held orientalist views.Regarding Egypt as under the ‘grip’ of Islam which he viewed as a set of outdated and regressive Arabian customs detrimental to Egypt and inferior to Christianity.He was in particular concerned with the perceived ‘acceptance’ of slavery.
What was Alfred Milner’s role
He was an administrator who had served in Egypt (1889-92) and as chairman of the board of inland revenue (1892-97) before later becoming High Commisioner for Southern Africa from 1897
What is Milner most remembered for
Despite him setting up many schools in South Africa,He’s most remembered for bringing Britain into the second Anglo-Boer war
When Transvaal and the orange free state were taken over what did Milner do
He left his post as governor of the cape and took over administration of the Transvaal and Orange Free State
What did Milner do as commisioner of the Transvaal and Orange Free State before the end of the war
He negotiated the Peace of Vereeniging alongside Lord Kitchener and was made a Baron (1901) and a viscount (1902) for his services.
After the second Anglo-Boer war what did Milner do as Governer of the Transvaal and Orange Free state
He and a group of young commissioners worked to resettle the Boers and promote economic growth.
-Milner had hoped to bring British miners in however was forced to used Chinese labourers on a 3 year contract to make up the shortfall in miners
-When they arrived in 1904 there were reports of them being flogged and racially abused.
-This led to an investigation by the British press and questions being asked in parliament.
Why and when did Milner resign
In 1906 there was a move to censure Milner due to the treatment of Chinese labourers.This led to a counter campaign led by Frere that expressed high appreciation of Milner.However the issue of labourers still remained and after the conservatives lost in 1906.The liberal government rejected Milner’s plans for the future of South Africa,Causing him to be forced to resign
What is orientalism
It describes the way in which Western European societies perceived societies in North Africa and Asia.It is based on preconceived stereotypes that saw all ‘eastern’ societies and fundementally similar.Some of these stereotypes included that…
-Eastern Societies were static and unchanging not progressing
-They were romantic and superstitious not rational
-Lazy rather than unindustrious and sensual rather than civilised
What was the North west Frontier province
Merged the north westernly areas of Pashtun lands of the Afghans with the Punjab in order to protect against Russian incursions in India
