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Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior > 7A: Individual Influences on Behavior > Flashcards

7A: Individual Influences on Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Lower Muscular Neurons

A

efferent neurons that tell skeletal muscle to contract, branch out to muscles cells in a motor unit. controlled by the upper motor neurons

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2
Q

Lower Motor Neuron Abnormalities

A

muscle atrophy, Fasiculations, hypotonia, Hyporreflexia

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3
Q

Upper Motor Neuron Abnormailties

A

Hyperrflexia, Hypertonia, Clonus, Extensor Plantar response

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4
Q

Upper Motor Neuron

A

tells lower motor neuron what to do by sendin somasin the cerebral cortex that synapse in the brainstem or spinal cord. Axons cross over so that the side of the brain controls the opposite of the body

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5
Q

Fasciculations

A

twitches of skeletal muscle due to stimulation loss over time

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6
Q

Clonus

A

Rhythmic contraction of antagonist muscles

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7
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

bring information into CNS from stimulus (ex. somatosensory neurons)

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8
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Carries info away from CNS, send response to PNS (ex. Lower Motor neurons)

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9
Q

Somatosensory tracts

A

position, vibration, fine touch, pain, temperature, gross touch, signal crosses over to opposite side of the brain.

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10
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

in the skin and muscle, found with structures on the ends of them and sends signals FAST. Thick myelin sheath, thick axon, receives info for position, vibration and fine touch

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11
Q

Nociceptors

A

Have bare nerve endings and receive signals for pain, temperature and gross touch. Slow. thin myelin sheath ot none.

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12
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

complex behavioral, perceptual and cognitive processes

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13
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

smooth Movement

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14
Q

Limbic System

A

Sensorimotor reflexes

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15
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinated movement

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Hunger, thirst, emotion

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17
Q

Inferior and superior colliculi

A

Arousal and alertness

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18
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Vital Function (breathing, digestion)

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19
Q

Reticular Formation

A

arrousal and alertness

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20
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory relay station

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21
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Freud’s theory childhood experiences and unconscious desire influence behavior

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22
Q

Humanistic theory

A

People have free will self actualization they are conscious and good and they improve

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23
Q

Maslow hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological Then safety Then love then self-esteem and lastly self-actualization

24
Q

Neuralation

A

The ectoderm on top of the notochord furrows and creates a groove, neural crest cells migrate throughout the body forming tissues like dorsal root ganglia melanocytes calcitonin producing cells.

25
Q

Neural tube

A

Part of the furrow formed from ectoderm, turns into the cns (alar plate , basal plate)

26
Q

Alar plate

A

Part of the neural tube that turns into sensory neurons

27
Q

Basal plate

A

Car of the neural tube that turns into motor neurons

28
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Automatic head turn toward stimulus when the cheek is touched

29
Q

Moro reflex

A

When head is moved abruptly the imprint flings out arms and then retracts them and cries

30
Q

Babinski reflex

A

Toes extend out when sole of the foot is stimulated

31
Q

Midbrain

A

G

32
Q

Hind brain

A

U

33
Q

forebrain

A

g

34
Q

Organs of the Endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary, Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas

35
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

childhood experiences and unconscious desire influence behavior

36
Q

The humanistic Theory

A

internal desire of people to strive for self-actualization/realization , gave way to Roger’s theory of unconditional love

37
Q

Trait perspective

A

uses description, personality is defined with with patterns of characteristic behavior

38
Q

Allports 3 types of TRaits

A

CArdinal- the dominant ones a person organizes their life around (power-motivation, selflessness) Central, and Secondary- preferences, attitudes ( donesnt like meat)

39
Q

Social Cognitive perspective

A

interactions with their environment influence behavior

40
Q

Self- efficacy

A

the degree to which we see ourselves being capable of a skill or situation

41
Q

Locus of control

A

the way we characterize the influences in our lives, internal locus-you see your own actions and characteristics having more of an influence and external- you see outside factors as having more of influence

42
Q

Erikson’s stages of psychological development

A

Conflicts that occur throughout your life Ex: Trust vs. Mistrust, intimacy vs. isolation, identity vs. role confusion

43
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

A

6 stages of solving moral dilemmas divided into 3 phases: Pre conventional (rewards and punishment reasoning) , conventional ( rel. with society) and post-conventional (reasoning based on abstract principles)

44
Q

Somatic Symptom and related disorders

A

having medical symptoms with no actual medical condition present
Illness anxiety disorder- overly afraid that you have certain disease
conversion Disorder-unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory fnuctions

45
Q

Biological Basis of Parkinson’s Disease

A

slowed movements, tremors, increased muscle tone. In the Brain abnormal substatia nigra one part of the basal ganglia ( black substace in the brain stem), has no color, these neuronal cells release dopamine
-Lewy Bodies form from clumping of a protein called Alpha Synucleuin

46
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Generalized Anxiety, Specific Phobias, Social Anxiety Dis. , Agoraphobia- fear of places where its hard for person to escape, panic disorder

47
Q

Obssessive Compulsive Disorders

A

OCD, Body Dysmorphic Disorder- person has unrealistic negative eval. of their body appreance

48
Q

Dissociative DIsorders

A

Person avoids stress by escaping from their identity, dissociative amnesia- unable to recal past experiences has fague ( wandering away form home)
Disssociative Identity disorder- 2 or more personalities

49
Q

Personality Disorders

A

k

50
Q

Instinct theory of motivation

A

the drive to do things based on evolutionarily programed behavior ex: curiosity, fear

51
Q

Arousal Theory of motivation

A

people do things to obtain optimum level of arousal

52
Q

Drive reduction theory of motivation

A

People are motivated to reduce a biological drive like thirst or a non biological drive like getting into med school

53
Q

Need-based theory of motivation

A

motivation to do things to satisfy needs Maslows Hierarchy of needs

54
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

Within the arrousal theory of motivation. Created U-curve that showed optimal performance at optimum arousal. Bad performance at too low of arrounsal and too high arrousal.

55
Q

Serotonin

A

NT associated with mood, sleep, eating, dreaming

56
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

autobiographical memory

Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior (8 decks)

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