7A: Individual Influences on Behavior Flashcards
Lower Muscular Neurons
efferent neurons that tell skeletal muscle to contract, branch out to muscles cells in a motor unit. controlled by the upper motor neurons
Lower Motor Neuron Abnormalities
muscle atrophy, Fasiculations, hypotonia, Hyporreflexia
Upper Motor Neuron Abnormailties
Hyperrflexia, Hypertonia, Clonus, Extensor Plantar response
Upper Motor Neuron
tells lower motor neuron what to do by sendin somasin the cerebral cortex that synapse in the brainstem or spinal cord. Axons cross over so that the side of the brain controls the opposite of the body
Fasciculations
twitches of skeletal muscle due to stimulation loss over time
Clonus
Rhythmic contraction of antagonist muscles
Afferent Neurons
bring information into CNS from stimulus (ex. somatosensory neurons)
Efferent Neurons
Carries info away from CNS, send response to PNS (ex. Lower Motor neurons)
Somatosensory tracts
position, vibration, fine touch, pain, temperature, gross touch, signal crosses over to opposite side of the brain.
Mechanoreceptors
in the skin and muscle, found with structures on the ends of them and sends signals FAST. Thick myelin sheath, thick axon, receives info for position, vibration and fine touch
Nociceptors
Have bare nerve endings and receive signals for pain, temperature and gross touch. Slow. thin myelin sheath ot none.
Cerebral Cortex
complex behavioral, perceptual and cognitive processes
Basal Ganglia
smooth Movement
Limbic System
Sensorimotor reflexes
Cerebellum
coordinated movement
Hypothalamus
Hunger, thirst, emotion
Inferior and superior colliculi
Arousal and alertness
Medulla Oblongata
Vital Function (breathing, digestion)
Reticular Formation
arrousal and alertness
Thalamus
Sensory relay station
Psychoanalytic theory
Freud’s theory childhood experiences and unconscious desire influence behavior
Humanistic theory
People have free will self actualization they are conscious and good and they improve
Maslow hierarchy of needs
Physiological Then safety Then love then self-esteem and lastly self-actualization
Neuralation
The ectoderm on top of the notochord furrows and creates a groove, neural crest cells migrate throughout the body forming tissues like dorsal root ganglia melanocytes calcitonin producing cells.
Neural tube
Part of the furrow formed from ectoderm, turns into the cns (alar plate , basal plate)
Alar plate
Part of the neural tube that turns into sensory neurons
Basal plate
Car of the neural tube that turns into motor neurons
Rooting reflex
Automatic head turn toward stimulus when the cheek is touched
Moro reflex
When head is moved abruptly the imprint flings out arms and then retracts them and cries
Babinski reflex
Toes extend out when sole of the foot is stimulated
Midbrain
G
Hind brain
U
forebrain
g
Organs of the Endocrine system
Hypothalamus, pituitary, Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas
Psychoanalytic Theory
childhood experiences and unconscious desire influence behavior
The humanistic Theory
internal desire of people to strive for self-actualization/realization , gave way to Roger’s theory of unconditional love
Trait perspective
uses description, personality is defined with with patterns of characteristic behavior
Allports 3 types of TRaits
CArdinal- the dominant ones a person organizes their life around (power-motivation, selflessness) Central, and Secondary- preferences, attitudes ( donesnt like meat)
Social Cognitive perspective
interactions with their environment influence behavior
Self- efficacy
the degree to which we see ourselves being capable of a skill or situation
Locus of control
the way we characterize the influences in our lives, internal locus-you see your own actions and characteristics having more of an influence and external- you see outside factors as having more of influence
Erikson’s stages of psychological development
Conflicts that occur throughout your life Ex: Trust vs. Mistrust, intimacy vs. isolation, identity vs. role confusion
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
6 stages of solving moral dilemmas divided into 3 phases: Pre conventional (rewards and punishment reasoning) , conventional ( rel. with society) and post-conventional (reasoning based on abstract principles)
Somatic Symptom and related disorders
having medical symptoms with no actual medical condition present
Illness anxiety disorder- overly afraid that you have certain disease
conversion Disorder-unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory fnuctions
Biological Basis of Parkinson’s Disease
slowed movements, tremors, increased muscle tone. In the Brain abnormal substatia nigra one part of the basal ganglia ( black substace in the brain stem), has no color, these neuronal cells release dopamine
-Lewy Bodies form from clumping of a protein called Alpha Synucleuin
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety, Specific Phobias, Social Anxiety Dis. , Agoraphobia- fear of places where its hard for person to escape, panic disorder
Obssessive Compulsive Disorders
OCD, Body Dysmorphic Disorder- person has unrealistic negative eval. of their body appreance
Dissociative DIsorders
Person avoids stress by escaping from their identity, dissociative amnesia- unable to recal past experiences has fague ( wandering away form home)
Disssociative Identity disorder- 2 or more personalities
Personality Disorders
k
Instinct theory of motivation
the drive to do things based on evolutionarily programed behavior ex: curiosity, fear
Arousal Theory of motivation
people do things to obtain optimum level of arousal
Drive reduction theory of motivation
People are motivated to reduce a biological drive like thirst or a non biological drive like getting into med school
Need-based theory of motivation
motivation to do things to satisfy needs Maslows Hierarchy of needs
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Within the arrousal theory of motivation. Created U-curve that showed optimal performance at optimum arousal. Bad performance at too low of arrounsal and too high arrousal.
Serotonin
NT associated with mood, sleep, eating, dreaming
Temporal Lobe
autobiographical memory
