6B: Making Sense of the Environment Flashcards
Exogenous
things external to any goals we have, we dont have to tell ourselves to pay attention to these things (ex. bright colors, loud noises)
Endogenous
Things internal and intentional, involve internal knowledge to pay attention to
Inattentional Blindness
Something right in front of us, we’re not consciously aware of in our visual field when our attention is elsewhere
Change Blindness
failure to notice the difference between a previous state and a current state
broadbent’s Early Selection theory
1st-Sensory registrer
2nd-selective filter
3rd- Perceptual processing of info into meaning
problem is filter before you assign meaning you would catch your name being said out of context
Deutsch and Deutsch’s Late Selection Theory
1st- sensory registry, 2nd perceptual processes, 3rd selective filter, problem: seems wasteful to assign meaning to everything that comes in
Treisman’s Attenuation Theory
1st Sensory registry, 2nd Attenuator that weakens useless info and decides wether to give high or low priority, 3rd perceptual processes
Alzheimer’s Disease
neurons die off overtime and synapses, their cerebral cortex shrinks in size
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
due to lack of B1 and Thiamine in brain, caused by malnutrition, eating disorders, alcoholism, these things make people not process the nutrients that their body needs
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
precusor to Korsakoff’s syndrome, possible to reverse if caught and treated with Thiamine injections
Interference
Reason for not remembering something. Retroactive decay- when something you learned recently now blocks your ability to learn something new and proactive decay when you learn something new that blocks something you already knew
Modes of Memory Retrieval
Free Recall, cued recall, recognition-give the actual item and choose the best one
Reward Pathway in the briain
Involves the Ventral tegmental Area that signals: amygdala, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus
Amygdala
triggers emotions
Ventral tegmental Area (VTA)
releases dopamine in the midbrain and that signals different parts of the brain
nucleus accumbens
controls motor functions
prefrontal cortex
controls attention and planning
priming
activation of certain associations in the memory formed when encoding, due to something you experienced recently (Rabbit hare instead of hair example)
Retrieval Cues
Priming, context-being in the enviornment in-which you encoded, state- physiological state you encoded, mood that you encoded
Universalism idea of Language
your thought dictates the language that develops, thought DETERMINES language
Piaget’s Idea of Language
THought INFLUENCES language, when kids are able to think a certain way then they can develop language to describe their thoughts (“gone”)
Vygotsky’s idea of Language Development
Thought is INDEPENDENT from language, but can converge through development
Types of Depressants
Alcohol, Barbiturates, Benzodizepines ( benzos), Opiates
Simulants
Caffine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Meth
Types of Encoding
Rote rehersal- worse
Chunking- group new info into meaningful units
Mnemonic devices- imagery, Pegword( verbal anchor system), method of loci, acronym
referencing, Spacing ( learning over time )
Confabulation
Person makes ups stories to fill in gaps in their memory
Opiates
not true depressants, used to treat pain and anxiety, acts at receptor sites for endorphins so they cause euphoria ex: heroine and morphine
Barbiturates
(tranquilizers) induces sleep, reduce anxiety, depress the CNS, reduces memory, judgement, concentration
Benzodiazepines (Benzos)
inhance brain response to GABA (inhibitory NTs) allows high amounts of ions into neurons increasing their negativity and making them more resistant to excitation, aids in sleep (Short acting, int. acting and long acting )
Sensory Memory
the first interaction with info from your environment, temporary register of your senses, iconic for memory of what you see and echoic memory of what you hear
Working Memory
memory of whats in your mind at the current moment, can hold 7 +/- 2 pieces of information at a time. visual-spatial sketchpad, phonological loop, central executive, episodic buffer connects to long-term memory
Explicit memory
declarative, facts or events you can clearly describe, semantic (words), episodic (events)
