7A continued Flashcards
biomedical approach
includes interventions that rally around symptom reduction of psychological disorders
biopsychosocial approach
assumes there are bio, psych, social components to a person’s behavior
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
diagnostic tool in US/other countries, compilation of psychological disorders, based on description of symptoms
rates of psychological disorders
(most to least) any mental disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety, depressive, alcohol, PTSD, general anxiety, panic, bipolar, drug use, antisocial personality, borderline personality, schizo, OCD, agoraphobia, anorexia
schizophrenia
prototypical psychotic disorder, must have at least 2 psychotic disorder symptoms for 6+ months
psychotic disorder
suffer from one or more of: delusions, hallucination, disorganized though, disorganized behavior, catatonia, negative symptoms
positive symptoms
behaviors, thoughts, feelings added to normal behavior ie. hallucinations, delusions, disorg thought/behavior, catatonia
negative symptoms
absence of normal or desired behavior ie. disturbance of affect and avolition
delusions
false beliefs discordant with reality and not shared by others in person’s culture and maintained spite of strong evidence to contrary
delusions of reference
involve believe that common elements in environment are directed toward individual
delusions of persecution
belief that person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted againt, threatened
delusions of grandeur
belief that person is remarkable in significant way
thought broadcasting
one’s thoughts are broadcast directly from head to the world (belief)
thought insertion
belieft hat thoughts are being placed in one’s head
hallucinations
perceptions that are due to ext stimuli but have compelling sense of reality
disorganized thought
loosening of association, exhibted as speech in which ideas shift from one subject to another so you can;t follow train of thought
NEOLOGISMS
NEW WORDS
disorganized behavior
refers to inability to carry out activity of daily living
catatonia
motor behavior such as spontaneous movement and activity may be greatly refused or patient may be rigid, refusing to be moved, or useless bizarre movements (echolalia/echopraxia)
disturbance of affect
expression of emotion
blunting
severe reduction in intensity of affect expression
flat affect
no signs o emotional expression
inappropriate affect
AFFECT IS DISCORDANT WITH CONTENT OF INDIVIDUAL’S SPEEch
avolition
decreased engagement in purposeful, goal directed actions
prodromal phase
patient goes through phase characterized by poor adjustment, evidence of deterioration, social withdrawl, role functioning impairment, peculia behavior, inappropriate affect, unusual experiences
depressive disorders
must meet certain severity and duration
major depressive disorder
mood disorder, at least major depressive episode
major depressive episode
period of at least two weeks with at least 5 of the following symptoms: persistent depressed mood, loss of interest in enjoyable activities (anhedonia), appetite disturbances, substantial weight changes, sleep disturbances, decteased energy, feelings of guilt/worthless, bad focus, psychomotor symptoms slowing, suicide/death thoughts
symptoms of major depressive episode (mnemonic)
SIG E CAPS
persistent depressive disorder
those who suffer from dysthymia (depressed mood not severe enough to meet criteria of MDE, for at least 2 yrs
seasonal affective disorder
disorder with seasonal onset
bright light therapy
patient exposed to bright light to fix abnormal melatonin metabolism
bipolar disorders
mood disorder characterized by depression and mania
manic episodes
abnormal persistnet elevated mood lasting 1 week with 3 of the following: distracted, decreased need for sleep, inflated self esteem, racing thoughts, agitation, talky, high risk behavior
bipolar I disorder
manic episodes with or w/o depressive episodes
bipolar II disorder
hypomania with at least one depressive episode
hypomania
doesn’t significantly impair functioning/no psychotic features, just more energetic and optimistic
cyclothymic disorder
combo of hypomanic episodes, periods of dysthymia, but nor severe enough to be MDE
symptoms of manic episode (mnemonic)
DIG FAST - distractable, insominia, grandiose, flight of ideas, agitation, speech, thoughtlessness
monoamina, catecholamine theory of depression
too much serotonin or NE in synapse leads to mania while too little is depression
generalized anxiety disorder
common in pop, disproportionate and persistent worry aabout different things, fatigue, muscle tension, sleep probelsm
specific phobias
anxeity produced by specific object/situation
social anxiety disorder
anxiety due to social situations
agoraphobia
anxiety disorder by fear of being in places or situations where it might be hard to escape
panic disorder
panic attacks occur repeatedly
panic attack
apprehension, fear, trembling, sweating, hyperventilation, sense of unreality
OCD
characterized by obsession (intrusive thoughts and impulses) which produce tension and compulsions (repetitive tasks) that relieve tension
body dysmorphic disorder
person has unrealistic neg evaluation of personal appearance and attrativeness
dissociative disorders
persons avoids stress by escaping reality
dissociative amnesia
characterized by inability to recall past experience, usually from trauma not neurological
dissociative fugue
sudden, unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from one;s home
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
two or more personalities that recurrently take control of person’s behavior, when components of identity faily to integrate
depersonalization/derealization disorder
individuals feel detached from their own mnd and body or from surrounds, respectively/ feeling of automation, failure to find one;s reflection
depersonalization
out of body experience
derealization
giving the world a dreamlike.insubstantial quality
somatic symptom disorder
have at least one somatic symptom and is accompanied by disproportionate concerns about its seriousness, devotion of an excessive amount of time and energy to it or elevated levels of anxiety