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MCAT Psychology and Sociology Review > 6C: Respoding to the world > Flashcards

6C: Respoding to the world Flashcards

1
Q

emotion

A

natural instinctive state of mind derived from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others.

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2
Q

3 elements of emotion

A

physio response, behavioral response, cognitive response

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3
Q

physiological response

A

changes in heart rate, breathing rate, skin temp, BP

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4
Q

behavior response

A

facial expression, body language

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5
Q

cognitive response

A

subjective interpretation of the feeling being experienced

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6
Q

universal emotions

A

emotions and corresponding expressions are universal (darwin said emotions are evolutionary)

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7
Q

7 basic emotions by Ekman

A

happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, anger

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8
Q

adaptive role of emotion

A

emotions are thought to be evolutionary adaptations due to situations encountered over the evolutionary history of the human species that guide sensory processing, physiological response, and behavior

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9
Q

3 theories of emotion

A

James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter-Singer

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10
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

stimulus results first in physiological arousal, which leads to secondary response in which emotion is labeled. (I must be angry because my skin is hot and my BP is high)

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11
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

cognitive and physiological components of emotion occur simultaneously and result in behavioral component of emotion/action (I’m afraid bc I see a snake and my heart is racing, let me out)

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12
Q

Schachter-Singer theory

A

cognitive arousal theory, 2 factor theory, both arousal and labeling of arousal based on environment must occur in order for emotion to be experienced (I am excited because my heart is racing and everyone else is happy)

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13
Q

limbic system

A

complex set of structures that reside below cerebrum on either side of thalamus. system made up of amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, fornix, septal nuclei, and parts of cerebral cortez

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14
Q

amygdala

A

small round structure that signals cortex about stimuli related to attention and emotions, processes environment, detects external cues, learns from surroundings to produce emotion. assc. with fear and human emotion thru interpretation of facial expressions. controls implicit mem (emotional memories)

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15
Q

thalamus

A

prelim sensory processing station, routes info to cortex and other areas.

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16
Q

hypothalamus

A

located below thalamus, synthesizes and releases variety of NTs. homeostatic fxns, modulates emotion. largely dictates emotional states thru controlling NTs that effect mood/arounsal

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17
Q

hippocampus

A

within temporal lobe, creates LT memories. aids in creating context for stimuli to lead to an emotional experience. storage of emotional memories are key in producing emotional response. controls explicit mem (emotional memories)

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18
Q

emotional memory

A

unconscious, implicit memory for emotions, storage of actual feelings in emotion associated with an event

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19
Q

distinguishing facial expressions

A

temporal/occipital lobe, lateralized so right hemi more active when discerning facial expressions

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20
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

anterior portion of frontal lobes assc. with planning intricate cog fxns, expressing personality, making decisions. recieves arousal input from the brain stem coordinating arousal and cognitive states. left = positive emotions, right = negative emotions

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21
Q

dorsal prefrontal cortex

A

assc. with attention and cognition

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22
Q

ventral prefrontal cortex

A

connects with regions of the brain responsible for experiencing emotion

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23
Q

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

thought to play substantial role in decision making and controlling emotional responses from amygdala

24
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

relates to emotion, specific physiological rxns are assc. with specific emotions.

25
Q

physiological markers of emotion

A

skin temp, heart rate, breathing rate, BP, heart rate variability, blood pulse volume, diastolic BP

26
Q

stress

A

response to challenging events, physical, emotional, cog, or behavioral

27
Q

cognitive appraisal of stress

A

subjective evaluation of situation that induces stress, 2 stagesL primary and secondary

28
Q

primary appraisal

A

initial eval of enviro and assc. threat. can be identified as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful. if threat, then secondary

29
Q

secondary appraisal

A

directed at evaluating whether the organism can cope with the stress, eval 3 things: harm (damage caused by event), threat (potential for future damage), challenge (potential to overcome/benefit from event)

30
Q

reappraisal

A

this is what situations that require ongoing monitoring need

31
Q

stressor

A

biological event, external condition or event that leads to stress resp

32
Q

common stresses (5)

A

environmental factors, daily events, workplace/academia, social expectations, chemical/bio stressors

33
Q

distress

A

occurs when experiencing unpleasant stressors

34
Q

eustress

A

result of positive conditions, include life events

35
Q

social readjustment rating scale

A

stress level can be measured in “life change units”

36
Q

psychological stressors (5)

A

pressure, control, predictability, frustration, conflict

37
Q

pressure stressors

A

experienced when expectations or demands are put in place from external source

38
Q

control stressors

A

ability to control one’s surroundings reduces stress levels

39
Q

predictability stressors

A

people who cannot predict their daily scenarios are more stressed

40
Q

frustration stressors

A

occurs when attaining goal is prevented

41
Q

conflict stresses

A

need to make a choice

42
Q

approach approach conflict

A

need to choose between two good things

43
Q

avoidance avoidance

A

choose between two negative choices

44
Q

approach avoidance

A

deals with only one choice, goal, or event but outcome could have both positive and negative elements

45
Q

physiological response to stress

A

sympathetic nervous system responds initially - inc heart rate, dec digestion

46
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

seq of physio responses, three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

47
Q

alarm stage

A

initial reaction to stressor and activation of symp NS, hypo stimulates pituitary to secrete ACTH, adrenal cortex then releases cortisol (maintains blood sugar), adrenal medulla activated by hypo to secrete NE/E

48
Q

resistance

A

continuous release of hormones allows SNS to remain engaged to fight stressor

49
Q

exhaustion

A

body can no longer maintain an elevated response with SNS activity

50
Q

emotional response to stress

A

moody, tense, fearful, helpless, difficulty concentration/memory

51
Q

behavioral response to stress

A

withdrawing from others, difficulties at work/school, drugs, aggression, suicide. chronic stress leads to mental health disorders (depression/anxiety)

52
Q

problem focused strategy

A

involve working to overcome stressor - social support, confronting issue head on

53
Q

emotionally focused strategy

A

changing one’s feeling about stressor - take responsibility for issue, self control, wishful thinking, positive reappraisal

54
Q

exercise

A

strong stress management tool, increases mood nc endorphins

55
Q

relaxation techniques (3)

A

meditation, diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation reduce stress

MCAT Psychology and Sociology Review (5 decks)

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