7A Flashcards
1
Q
DNA
A
- double stranded nucleic acd chain that is made out of nucleotides.
- also carries the instructions for proteins which are required for cell and organism survival.
2
Q
Nucleic Acid
A
- is a macromolecule that includes DNA and RNA.
- all nucleic acids are polymers that are made out of nucleotide monomers (base, sugar, and phosphate residue) aka nucleotide
3
Q
Nucleotide
A
- made up of a nitrogen containing base
- a sugar molecule (RNA + DNA)
- a phosphate group
4
Q
Allele
A
- alternate forms of a gene
5
Q
locus
A
- is a fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene is located on
6
Q
Inheritance
A
- transmits the traits from parents to offsprings
7
Q
Phenotype
A
- observable trait of an individual
8
Q
Haploid
A
- single set of chromosomes (n)
9
Q
Histone Proteins
A
- Basic proteins that associate with DNA
- inside the nucleus
- helps condense the DNA into a chromosome allowing it to fit inside the nucleus
10
Q
Chromosome
A
- a structure made of proteins and nucleic acids
- carries genetic information
11
Q
Somatic Cell
A
- any cell that is not a reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells).
- Somatic cells are diploid (2n). They contain two sets of chromosomes
- one inherited from each parents
12
Q
Chromatid
A
- one half of a replicated chromosome
- chromosomes are duplicated and two copies join together at the centremere
- joined chromatids are known as sister chromatids
13
Q
Homologous Chromosomes
A
- a pair of chromosomes
- similar in length, gene position, and centromere location
- one paire is inherited from the mother (maternal) and the other from father (paternal)
14
Q
Karytope
A
- visual representation of an individual’s entire genome organised into homologous pairs
15
Q
Autosome
A
- any chromosomes (1-22)
- not a sex chromosome
