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Spring P1 > 736 Exam 3 > Flashcards

736 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What neurotransmitter is recognized at nerve terminals within the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

What are SLUDS?

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist effects, AKA Parasympathomimetics

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3
Q

SLUDS

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Sweating
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4
Q

What are the effects of Muscarinic Receptor Agonists at the Eye?

A

Miosis by contracting the iris sphincter

(May help dislodge an adherent iris in acute (closed angle) Glaucoma)

Near-sighted-ness by contraction of ciliary muscles

(may improve aq humor flow in chronic open angle glaucoma)

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5
Q

What are the effects of muscarinic receptor agonists at the GI tract?

A

Contraction of longitudinal muscles and relaxation of sphincters for increased motility.

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6
Q

What are the effects of muscarinic receptor agonists at the Urinary tract?

A

Contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of sphincter for increased urinary output

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7
Q

What are the effects of muscarinic receptor agonists on the heart?

A

decreases heart rate at sino-atrial node, and conductivity through AV node.

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8
Q

What are the effects of muscarinic receptor agonists on the Lungs?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

What are the effects of muscarinic receptor agonists on glands?

A

Increase Salivation, Lacrimation and sweating

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10
Q

How does Choline Acetyltransferase synthesize ACh?

A

From Choline and Acetate

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11
Q

Where does choline uptake and acetylcholine synthesis occur?

A

Neuronal Cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is required at VAT prior to Acetylcholine release?

A

Vesicular reuptake

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13
Q

What ion is required to release Acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft?

A

Calcium 2+

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14
Q

What is the stepwise process of Cholinergic signaling/recycling at the synaptic cleft?

A
  1. Choline uptake into neuronal cytoplastm
  2. Acetycholine synthesis
  3. Vesicular uptake of Acetylcholine
  4. Ca++ dependent release of ACh into synaptic cleft
  5. Activation of post-synaptic receptors
  6. Catabolism of ACh by acteycholinesterase
  7. Choline re-uptake
  8. Inhibition of ACh release by M2 muscarinic receptors on presynaptic neurons.
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15
Q

What are the function of SNAPs?

A

Synaptosome proteins, what the vesicles from presynaptic nerve must fuse with in order to release ACh in the synaptic cleft.

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16
Q

What are the functions of VAMPs?

A

Ca++ sensitive vesicle associated membrane protein, they bind to neuronal membrane to facilitate release of ACh to synaptic cleft.

17
Q

What is the difference between CHT, ChAT, and VAT?

A

CHT - Choline Uptake Transporter, uptakes extracellular choline into neuron.
ChAT - Choline acetyl transferase, forms acetycholine from Acetyl Coa and Choline
VAT - Vesicular acetycholine transporter, fills acetycholine into vesicles.

18
Q

What happens to Ach at Cholinoreceptors on Postsynaptic cells?

A

It is transferred to acetycholinesterase where it is broken down into choline and acetate, Choline is then taken up by CHT.

19
Q

What is the difference between M2 Autoreceptors and Heteroreceptors?

A

Heteroreceptors work by inhibiting a Neurotransmitter when acted upon by a different neurotransmitter

Autoreceptors on presynaptic neurons cause inhibition by reuptaking ACh as soon as its released

20
Q

Describe general characteristics of Muscarinic Receptors

A

Located on parasympathetically-innervated target organs

G-protein coupled receptors (M1 and M2 subclasses (m1-m5 subtypes))
- only few agonists distinguish among 5 receptor subtypes

21
Q

What subtypes does the M1 subclass contain?

A

m1, m3, m5

22
Q

What subtypes does the m2 subclass contain?

A

m2, m4

23
Q

What is the family of g-protein that M1 type receptors couple to?

A

Gq/11 which activates phospholipase C-Beta enzymes to increase IP3, DAG, Intracellular Ca++ levels, leading to protein kinase C activation

24
Q

What parasympathetically innervated organs would you find M1 type receptors in?

A 
Glands (pulmonary, GI, sweat, lacrimal, Naso)
Longitudinal GI 
Bladder Smooth muscle
Bronchiol Smooth muscle
Iris Sphincter
Ciliary Muscle
25
Q

Where outside parasympathetic nervous system would you see M1 type receptors?

A 
Brain
Blood vessels (m3 to stimulate release of NO)
26
Q

What would an exogenous source of muscarinic agonist circulating within the blood cause? (Stepwise)

A

Activation of PLC-Beta to increase IP3/DAG to increase Ca++ to increase NO which leads to a relaxation in vessel smooth muscle

27
Q

why are the m3 receptors on endothelium never naturally activated?

A

There are no PNS nerves or ACh at vascular endothelium so only exogenous substances activated them?

Spring P1 (5 decks)

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