7.3

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

A membrane enclosed organelle in all eukaryotic cells. Contains the cells DNA and maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression.

Question 2

Nuclear envelope

Answer 2

A double membrane enclosing the nucleus from the surrounding cytoplasm and rest of cell

Question 3

nucleoskeleton

Answer 3

a network inside the nucleus that adds mechanical support and structure

Question 4

nuclear pores

Answer 4

channel for transport through the nuclear envelope. large molecules and proteins are carried by carrier proteins. proteins and RNA need to move through these pores for gene expression and chromosome maintenance

Question 5

nucleolus

Answer 5

A sub nuclear body in the interior of the nucleus. involved in the assembly of ribosomes

Question 6

interior of the nucleus

Answer 6

contains non uniform sub nuclear bodies made of RNA, Proteins and specific parts of chromosomes

Question 7

Endogenous Membrane System

Answer 7

An organelle in cells formed as interconnected flattened membrane enclosed sacs called cisternae. The organelle surrounds the outer nuclear membrane

Question 8

Cisternae

Answer 8

flattened membrane vesicle type that makes up the endogenous membrane system and the golgi apparatus

Question 9

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

help with lipid creation, metabolism, steroid production and detoxification. Smooth er is most present in cells that need high steroid production.

Question 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

the outer membrane is studded with ribosomes that act as the site of protein synthesis

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

produce most proteins in animal cells. (10 billlion)

Question 12

Ribosome large sub unit function

Answer 12

Catalytical function. Contains Ribosomal RNA that acts as an enzyme and is called ribozyme

Question 13

Ribosome small sub unit functions

Answer 13

decoding function. links up with mRNA first and then attaches to the larger sub unit

Question 14

Ribosome sub units

Answer 14

Made of 2 sub units, one larger than the other. Made of proteins and nucleic acids from the nucleolus

Question 15

Ribosome functions

Answer 15

Translate encoded information from the cell nucleus provided by mRNA

Links together amino acids from the cytoplasm using tRNA. They are then organized in proper gene that the mRNA holds instructions to

Exports the polypeptide made to the cytoplasm to be used as a protein

Question 16

Are ribosomes static organelles

Answer 16

Ribosomes are not static organisms as they break down once they have done their job and produced the designated protein.

Question 17

Polysome

Answer 17

The structure that makes it possible for ribosome sub units to process mRNA and produce polypeptides so quickly

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

Membrane bound organelle made up of a series of cisternae. Responsible for transporting, modifying and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles

Question 19

moving from the cis face to the trans face of the golgi apparatus

Answer 19

proteins and lipids arrive at the cis face of the golgi through microtubules from the endoplasmic reticulum. once in the cis face, proteins and lipids are modified into functional proteins while moving towards the trans face. Molecules are packed into vesicles in the trans side of the golgi to be delivered where needed.

Question 20

vesicular transport model

Answer 20

This theory states that vesicles bud off and deliver proteins to each cistaernae of the golgi apparatus. In this model the cis and trans faces constant and the golgi stays still

Question 21

Cisternal maturation model

Answer 21

This model indicates that the cis cisternae move and mature into trans cisternae and they begin at the cis face from vesicle fusion. Vesices are only formed to move molecules to and from the golgi apparatus

Question 22

vesicle

Answer 22

Constantly forming, membrane bound fluid filled sacs that aid in the transport of contents in and out of the cell

Question 23

how are vesicles formed

Answer 23

Vesicles are formed when the membrane bulges out and pinches off into a vesicle.

Question 24

Types of vesicles

Answer 24

Transport, secretory, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endosomes, phagosomes and vacuoles

Question 25

How do vesicles move

Answer 25

Vesicles use the microtubules that make up the cytoskeleton to move through the cell and fuse to organelles when needed

Question 26

Vacuoles

Answer 26

Large vesicles used as storage bubbles in cells

Question 27

lysosomes function

Answer 27

The “digestive system of the cell” Lysosomes degrade materials from outside of the cells and also digest components of the cell itself when needed

Question 28

lysosomes structure

Answer 28

Lysosomes are a type of double membraned vesicle. They contain enzymes capable of breaking down all types of polymers

Question 29

What happens when a lysosome membrane bursts

Answer 29

The digestive enzymes in the lysosome are released into the cell and the cell dies

Question 30

necrosis

Answer 30

Cell homocide from things like injury and infection

Question 31

apoptosis

Answer 31

Cell suicide from the natural cell death program