7.2

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

gel like substance that fills the inside of a cell and holds all contents outside of the nucleus.

Question 2

Functions of cytoplasm

Answer 2

to support and suspend organelles and molecules. As well as the place for many cellular processes to take place ( mitosis, glycolysis, protein synthesis)

Question 3

Endoplasm

Answer 3

central area of cytoplasm that holds the organelles

Question 4

Ectoplasm

Answer 4

thicker peripheral portion of the cytoplasm

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

Filament system made of constantly assembling and disassembling protein compunds.

Question 6

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 6

keeps the internal architecture of a cell and helps with movement of particles in the cytoplasm and muscle contractions.

Question 7

MIcrofillaments (Actin)

Answer 7

strands of actin, part of the cytoskeleton and interacts with other strands of proteins.

Question 8

Intermediate filaments

Answer 8

fibrous proteins organized in a rope-like subunit. stabilizes cell structure and maintains cell shape.

Question 9

Microtubules

Answer 9

Long, hollow cylinders of 2 types of protein tubulin molecules

Question 10

cilia and flagella structure

Answer 10

Formed of specialized groups of microtubules called basal bodies. These basal bodies are arranged in a 9+2 arrangement

Question 11

Difference between cilia and flagella

Answer 11

Flagella come in groups of 1 or 2 and are longer. Cilia are shorter and numerous together on the organism.

Question 12

How does cilia and flagella move

Answer 12

the microtubule sets that make the axoneme, slide against eachother and causes the structure to bend. The protein dynein generates the force needed for movement.

Question 13

axoneme

Answer 13

Refers to the 9+2 arrangement of microtubules in cilia and flagella.

Question 14

basal bodies

Answer 14

modified centriole structures that attach cilia and flagella to the cell

Question 15

Function of centriols

Answer 15

Separate chromosomes and chromatids during mitosis and meiosis

Question 16

example of cilia sensing changes in the organism

Answer 16

example: Cilia in endothelial cells can monitor the force of blood flow throughout blood vessels and alert when necessary.

Question 17

What is the normal direction of motion in regards to the cilia or flagella in organelles

Answer 17

Flagella are often at the anterior end of the organism