7.2. Organic chemistry Flashcards
How is the combustion of alkenes different to combustion of alkanes?
Alkenes usually react by incomplete combustion so burn with smoky flames
What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen, and what conditions are necessary?
An alkane - 60 degrees C, Nickel catalyst
What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with a halogen?
An alkane with two halogen atoms where the double bond used to be
What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with steam, and what conditions are necessary?
An alcohol - High temperature, high pressure, catalyst
What happens when an alcohol reacts with sodium?
It forms a sodium salt (e.g. sodium ethoxide from ethanol) and releases hydrogen gas.
Do alcohols dissolve in water?
Yes, they form neutral solutions
How do alcohols react with oxidizing agents?
They turn into carboxylic acids
What are the main uses of alcohols?
Solvents, ethanol used as drinking alcohol and a biofuel
What is required for natural fermentation?
Yeast
Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?
Not all their molecules ionise when in water
What is the product of a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
An ester
What are the two types of polymerisation?
Addition and condensation
What is formed from different amino acids combined in one chain?
Proteins
What is the structure of DNA?
Two polymer chains made from nucleotides in the form of a double helix
Name four naturally occurring polymers
DNA, proteins, starch, cellulose
