(71.) Control and Coordination Flashcards
Specialised nerve cells that detect stimuli
receptors
olfactory
gustatory
photo
how does information reach concerned cells from a receptor
receptor at dendritic tip > chemical reaction > electrical impulse > dendrite > cell body > axon > nerve ending > release of chemicals starts a similar electrical impulse in the next neuron > muscle cells/glands
Reflex arc
It is a neural circuit that directly connects the receptors and the effector via the spinal cord
Why did animals evolve to have reflex arcs?
- Thinking process is not fast enough to react appropriately to stimuli
- They allow for efficient functioning in the absence of a complex neuron network for thinking
Why is the brain considered the main coordinating centre of the body
Complex mechanisms and neural connections required for thinking are concentrated there
Why are the brain and spinal cord referred to as the central nervous system?
They receive info from all parts of the body and integrate it
What are the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain composed of
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum, Medulla, Pons
Functions of cerebrum/forebrain
Voluntary actions
Learning
Memory
decision making
Receives sensory information
Functions of hypothalamus
involuntary actions(ncertt)
Sleep cycle
Functions of hind brain and cerebellum in specific
Involuntary actions salivation, vomiting, blood pressure
Cerebellum: precise voluntary movements, posture, balance
What protects the spinal cord
Vertebral column
How is the brain protected?
Cranium, cerebrospinal fluid
How do muscles move?
When a muscle cell receives a nervous electrical impulse, it has special proteins that change their shape and their arrangement, which makes it shorter
