70-643 Application Infrastructure Configuration Flashcards by Lewis Davis

The roles in the Add Roles Wizard fall into what three basic categories?
Directory Services
Application Services
Infrastructure Services
Network Services

Network Services

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What is Microsoft’s program for automating and managing the activation of products obtained using volume licenses?
Windows Validation
Volume Activation
Volume Activation 2.0
Windows Genuine Advantage

Volume Activation 2.0

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A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a complete installation of an operating system that runs in a software environment emulating a physical computer.
virtual machine
virtual server
terminal machine
terminal server

virtual server

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The Windows Server 2008 paging file is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ times the amount of memory installed in the computer by default.
1.5
2
2.5
3

1.5

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Used with the Use parameter, what command-line utility can be used to map drive letters to folders in logon scripts?
Net.exe
Ipconfig.exe
Cscript.exe

Net.exe

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What Windows Server 2008 feature enables you to maintain previous versions of files on a server?
Backup Tape
Shadow Copies
Shadow Files
Offline Files

Shadow Copies

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What feature of DFS distributes access requests, thus preventing any one server from shouldering the entire traffic load?
data distribution 
data collection
server clustering
load balancing

load balancing

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DFS can distribute access requests by using what feature, thus preventing any one server from shouldering the entire traffic load?
data distribution 
load balancing
data collection
server clustering

load balancing

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What administrative tool consolidates the controls for printing components throughout the enterprise into a single console?
Print Services role
Print Management snap-in
Server Manager
Server Core

Print Management snap-in

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How is a local print device attached to a computer?
through the network
through computer ports
through another computer
none of the above

through computer ports

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What snap-in for MMC is an administrative tool that consolidates the controls for the printing components throughout the enterprise into a single console?
Print Management
Print and Fax Wizard
Device Manager
None of the above

Print Management

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HTTP uses what well-known port number?
80
25
12
110

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What determines how listeners will identify requests on a Website?
Remote Desktop Connection 
Windows Process Activation Service
binding
icon-based interface

binding

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What allows a company to host the same documents on several different Websites without copying the documents to each content folder?
Role Manager
virtual directory
Add Role Wizard
Server Role Administration

virtual directory

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Participants in what type of infrastructure are issued a public and a private key?
public key
private key
secure key
encrypted key

public key

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What is the weakest of the challenge/response authentication methods supported by IIS7?
Basic Authentication
Anonymous Authentication
Digest Authentication
Windows Authentication

Basic Authentication

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Permissions tend to run down through a hierarchy, which is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
permission translation
permission propagation
permission flow
permission inheritance

permission inheritance

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What XML-based directory service enables businesses to publish listings about their activities and the services they offer?
ASP
ASP.NET
UDDI
SSI

UDDI

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What component is most likely to be a bottleneck on a terminal server?
resource allocation
memory
processor
scalability

memory

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Users must have the appropriate privileges to access a terminal server, and the easiest way to provide those privileges is by adding the user to what group?
RDP Users
Remote Desktop Users
Terminal Users
Domain Administrators

Remote Desktop Users

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What type of licensing permits one user to connect to the terminal server no matter what device the user is running?
Per Device
Per User
Per System
Per OU

Per User

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What Windows Server 2008 feature eliminates the need for the printer driver on the terminal server?
Easy Print
Print Driver 6.1
Quick Print
Print+

Easy Print

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What real-time, modular operating system is designed for devices with minimal amounts of memory?
Proprietary OS
Windows CE 
Windows XPe
Linux

Windows CE

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The TS Gateway role service enables Terminal Services to support Internet clients securely using the same tunneling concept as a VPN connection except, in this case, the computers encapsulate RDP traffic within what protocol?
HTTP
SSH
RDP
SSL

SSL

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``` What process do clients and the server use to negotiate the most efficient protocol to use when you enable both the RTSP and HTTP protocols on a Windows Media Services server? multicast protocol negotiation protocol rollover multicast rollover ```

protocol rollover

``` What type of server must you install to provide users with email capabilities in Windows SharePoint Server? POP SMTP HTTP PHP ```

SMTP

``` What enables administrators to protect specific types of information from unauthorized consumption and distribution, even by users who have the appropriate credentials and permissions to access the information? Digital Rights Management Digital Media Management Digital Authenticity Management Digital File Management ```

Digital Rights Management

``` The Windows Server 2008 version of Windows Media Services uses what protocol to stream multimedia content? Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Standard Media Protocol (SMP) ```

Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)

``` What does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Interoperative Disks Repetitive Array of Independent Disks Redundant Array of Interpretive Disks Redundant Array of Independent Disks ```

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

``` When deploying a server using a WDS installation, the client downloads a boot image that loads __________. Windows PE Windows Software Update Services Windows Deployment Services Windows Image Formatting ```

Windows PE

``` The process of granting a user access to a file server share by reading their permissions is called __________. authentication authorization ownership delegation ```

authorization

``` How many fax job queues can be on a single system? 1 2 3 4 ```

Which service enables IIS to respond to a variety of incoming message types and not just HTTP? Terminal Services File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Windows Process Activation Service (WPAS) Directory Services

Terminal Services

``` Which service enables developers to modify the functionality of the Web server, using the ASP.Net extensibility model and the .NET application programming interfaces (APIs)? Role Manager Server Role Administration .NET Extensibility Add Role Wizard ```

.NET Extensibility

``` What is the only authentication method integrated into IIS7 that IIS7 enables by default? Basic Authentication Anonymous Authentication Digest Authentication Windows Authentication ```

Anonymous Authentication

``` Which listener enables IIS7 to receive client requests using ports other than port 80 and protocols other than HTTP? NET.PIPE NET.MSMQ NET.TCP All of the above ```

All of the above

``` When installed, the SMTP server is integrated into __________. IIS Windows Server 2008 UDDI Microsoft SQL Server ```

IIS

``` What role configures a computer to function as a Terminal Services Licensing Server, enabling it to allocate client access licenses (CALs) to clients? TS Session Broker TS Gateway Terminal Server TS Licensing ```

TS Licensing

``` The Easy Print driver is based on what document format introduced in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008? PXS XPS XP XML ```

XPS

``` What is used to specify which Internet users are allowed to use a terminal server? connection authorization policies resource authorization policies Group Policy objects user authorization policies ```

connection authorization policies

``` What specifies the terminal servers on the private network that users are permitted to access? Group Policy objects user authorization policies connection authorization policies resource authorization policies ```

resource authorization policies

``` Which component registers and locates iSCSI initiators and targets? iSCSI Initiator Storage Manager for SANs Internet Storage Name Server Storage Explorer ```

Internet Storage Name Server

``` Which of the following defines the basic transport mechanism of a Fibre Channel network, including the frame format and three service classes: a connection-oriented class, a connectionless class with acknowledgments, and a connectionless class without acknowledgments? FC1 FC2 FC3 FC4 ```

FC2

``` Network File System (NFS) places the bulk of the file sharing process on the __________. storage device client server File Manager ```

client

``` Network File System (NFS) places the bulk of the file-sharing process on the __________. server File Manager storage device client ```

client

``` What increases the production capability of a single printer by connecting it to multiple print devices? print spooler print priority printer pool print queue ```

printer pool

``` The IIS7 built-in account IUSR is a member of what group? WWW_IUSRS IIS_WWWUSRS IIS_IUSRS IIS_GROUP ```

IIS_IUSRS

``` In what application pool mode does IIS7 use the new, generic request pipeline for all protocol listeners and application development environments? Classic Integrated Basic Enhanced ```

Integrated

``` What is the executable program file for the RDC client? rdp.exe msrdp.exe Mstsc.exe msrdcc.exe ```

Mstsc.exe

When you obtain a certificate from an external CA, either public or local, which of these tasks must you complete? Set up SSH access to the TS Gateway server. Install the certificate on the TS Gateway server. Install multiple root certificates. None of the above

Install the certificate on the TS Gateway server.

``` What technology enables users working at another computer on the company network or on the Internet to establish a connection to a server and open an application or desktop session there? Terminal Services Virtual Server Remote Desktop Directory Services ```

Terminal Services

``` What enables Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista computers to activate themselves using a host on the local network? Key Management Services Key Distribution Services Multiple Activation Center Primary Key Center ```

Key Management Services

``` What is a group of servers that evenly divide the client load among themselves and perform the same function? group organizational unit failover cluster ```

cluster

``` What is the primary interface used to initialize, partition, and format disks? Disk Configuration DiskPart DiskKeeper Disk Management ```

Disk Management

``` What type of permissions control access to folders over a network? share permissions NTFS permissions registry permissions Active Directory permissions ```

share permissions

``` What can be used to warn administrators of excessive storage utilization trends or apply hard restrictions to user accounts? queues quotas File Restrict option Regulation Server ```

quotas

``` Which role service selection allows you to install the Share and Storage Management console for Microsoft Management Console (MMC)? DFS Namespaces File Server Resource Manager File Server Windows Search Service ```

File Server

``` What is the simplest print architecture that consists of one print device connected to one computer? print device attached remotely detached print device locally attached print device local system print device ```

locally attached print device

``` Before you can share a printer on a Windows Server 2008 computer, you must enable what setting in the Network and Sharing Center? Printer Sharing Print Drivers File and Print Sharing Advanced File Sharing ```

Printer Sharing

``` Users accessing the fax server must have an account created on what console? Fax Manager Printer Server Administrator Fax Service Manager ```

Fax Service Manager

``` What method enables the Web server to host multiple Websites using a single IP address and port number without requiring any special information from clients? Application server IIS services Terminal Services virtual hosting ```

virtual hosting

``` What type of interface is provided in the modular architecture of IIS7 that can be used to configure a Website’s many properties? optical filter touchpad interface icon-based interface print interface ```

icon-based interface

``` Which of the following is a new feature in FTP7? IIS7 integration FTP over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) combined FTP and Web hosting all of the above ```

all of the above

You are establishing an SSL connection with the server when you click a link or key a URL containing the __________ prefix in your browser. http: // https: // httpssl: // httpsec: //

https://

``` What security protocol allows you to encrypt data exchanged by clients and IIS servers? Basic Authentication Secure Sockets Layer Secure IIS Layer Socket Authentication ```

Secure Sockets Layer

``` What is one of the earliest mechanisms designed to provide Web servers with application-hosting capabilities? UDDI SSI CGI ISAPI ```

CGI

``` What server-side script processing engine is designed to provide dynamic Web content with better performance than CGI and simpler development than ISAPI? CGI ISAPI ASP SSI ```

ASP

``` What role service provides the functionality that enables users running the Remote Desktop Connection client to run full desktop sessions? Terminal Instance Store Terminal Search Services File Server Terminal Manager Terminal Server ```

Terminal Server

``` What two operational modes are available in terminal services? Execution and Reformat Execution and Install Download and Install Install and Extract ```

Execution and Install

``` What networking protocol enables communication between the terminal server and the client? Remote Communication Protocol Remote Desktop Protocol Remote Terminal Protocol Remote Information Protocol ```

Remote Desktop Protocol

``` What experience option, also called anti-aliasing, enables the client to display screen fonts without jagged lines? desktop smoothing desktop composition font smoothing bitmap caching ```

font smoothing

``` What Mstsc option causes the RDC client to open a terminal session window that occupies the entire virtual desktop of a system with two or more monitors? /admin /f /span /migrate ```

/span

``` What area of dual accessibility on an enterprise network provides access both to the Internet and to your internal network? firewall NAT perimeter network VPN ```

perimeter network

``` What Windows Server 2008 service allows a server to stream real-time audio and video content to network clients? Windows Media Services Windows Media Encoder Windows Media Player Windows Media Center ```

Windows Media Services

``` In what step of WMRM deployment does the user request a license for the content by establishing contact with your server running Windows Media Rights Manager? licensing packaging distribution playback ```

licensing

``` What components do clients use to access specific content streams? stream points content points publishing points data points ```

publishing points

``` What TCP/IP feature provides one-to-many transmission capabilities? unicast directed broadcast broadcast multicast ```

multicast

High-availability components that are often found in servers include all of the following except __________. redundant power supplies consecutive connections to multiple networks active cooling systems hot-swappable components

consecutive connections to multiple networks

``` What tool in the Windows Automated Installation Kit does Microsoft recommend to create unattended installation files? ImageX.exe Windows Server Core Windows Deployment Services Windows System Image Manager ```

Windows System Image Manager

Standard permissions are actually combinations of what other type of permissions, which provide the most granular control over the eleextended permissions altered permissions special permissions granular permissions

special permissions

``` An NFS server exports part of its file system and the NFS client integrates the exported information into its own file system. What is this process called? mounting installing expanding exporting ```

mounting

``` To install the Windows Fax and Scan application, which feature should you add first? Desktop Experience Feature Windows Server Feature Role Icon Feature Fax Feature ```

Desktop Experience Feature

``` What does the Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager in Windows Server 2008 use to configure individual modules rather than tabbed dialog boxes? MMC Snap-Ins icons selection lists none of the above ```

icons

``` What type of IIS authentication is designed for intranet Web servers with clients that are members of the same Active Directory domain and are separated by a firewall or proxy server? Basic Authentication Anonymous Authentication Digest Authentication Windows Authentication ```

Digest Authentication

``` What host for user-developed application code is responsible for processing requests it receives from the protocol listeners and returning results to the client? application pool worker process CGI UDDI ```

worker process

``` ASP.NET files have what file extension? .NET .ASP .ASPX .ASPN ```

.ASPX

``` What role service enables RDC clients on the Internet to connect to a terminal server through a firewall or NAT router by tunneling RDP traffic within Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) packets? TS Web Access TS Licensing TS Gateway TS Session Broker ```

TS Gateway

``` What terminal services key combination displays the Windows Security screen? ALT+TAB CTRL+ALT+TAB ALT+INSERT CTRL+ALT+END ```

CTRL+ALT+END

``` A client’s initial connection to the TS Web Access Web page involves a standard HTTP connection using what port? 3389 21 80 443 ```

Which of the following is NOT one of the tasks you must perform when deploying a TS Gateway server? Install the TS Gateway role service. Obtain a certificate for the TS Gateway server. Reinstall IIS with special consideration for the TS Gateway role service. Create connection authorization and resource authorization policies.

Reinstall IIS with special consideration for the TS Gateway role service.

``` What number of virtual instances is included in Windows Server 2008 Standard? 1 2 3 4 ```

``` Using copper cables, what are the transmission speeds for Fibre Channel networks? 133 Mbps (megabits per second) to 10 Gbps (gigabit per second) 133 Mbps (megabits per second) to 1 Gbps (gigabit per second) 133 Mbps (megabits per second) to 5 Gbps (gigabit per second) 133 Mbps (megabits per second) to 3 Gbps (gigabit per second) ```

133 Mbps (megabits per second) to 1 Gbps (gigabit per second)

``` What technique duplicates copies of a file that are all updated on a regular basis no matter which copy changes? data collection Remote Differential Compression (RDC) virtual namespace multimaster replication ```

multimaster replication

``` What enables you to specify the sending parameters for fax transmissions, including cover pages and dialing rules? Fax Remote Function Outgoing Fax Routing Policies Fax Server Fax Manager Node ```

Outgoing Fax Routing Policies

``` The original format for FTP directory listings was based on a format used by which operating system? Windows operating system UNIX operating systems Network File operating systems LAN operating systems ```

UNIX operating systems

``` For an IIS7 server to accept an SSL connection from a client, it must be able to recognize and process a URL containing the https:// prefix. To make this possible, what must you create for each Website that you want to use SSL? certification authority certificate request SSL request SSL binding ```

SSL binding

``` What performance monitor reports the number of active Terminal Services sessions during a specified time interval? Terminal Services: Live Sessions Terminal Services: Monitoring Sessions Terminal Services: Inactive Sessions Terminal Services: Active Sessions ```

Terminal Services: Active Sessions

``` What is the default location of the TS Licensing database? C:\Windows\LServer C:\Windows\System\LServer C:\LServer C:\Windows\System32\LServer ```

C:\Windows\System32\LServer

``` What type of transmissions does Windows Media Services use by default? multicast unicast broadcast directed broadcast ```

unicast

What role in Windows Server 2008 implements Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.0 as its core? Application Server Terminal Services Web Server

Web Server

``` The activities performed for network clients by a Windows Server 2008 are known as __________. services roles domains functions ```

roles

``` What is an MMC console that provides a selection of the most commonly used Windows Server 2008 management tools? Role Manager Server Manager Add Role Wizard Server Role Administration ```

Server Manager

``` What type of dynamic disk consists of an identical amount of space on two physical disks? simple volume mirrored volume striped volume spanned volume ```

mirrored volume

``` The paging file on a Windows Server 2008 computer is how times the amount of memory installed in the computer by default? 1.5 2 2.5 3 ```

1.5

``` NTFS permissions are located on what tab of a file or folder’s properties? Sharing Permissions NTFS Security ```

Security

``` Which console includes several predefined quota templates that can be used to create your own quota template? Quota Server Resource Manager Template Wizard File Server Resource Manager Server Template Resource Manager ```

File Server Resource Manager

``` Which UNIX operating system protocol is used for file sharing? Network File System (NFS) Server Message Blocks (SMB) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) None of the above ```

Network File System (NFS)

``` When a computer must support heavy printer use, what additional hardware upgrades might be needed? dedicated print server additional system memory additional disk space all of the above ```

all of the above

``` Windows Server 2008 supports numerous physical interfaces except for which interface? Universal Serial Bus (USB) Infrared Data Access (IrDA) VGA Bluetooth ports ```

VGA

``` What role must be installed before or with the Fax Server role? Print Services Desktop Experience File Management User Experience ```

Print Services

``` What version of IIS is included in Windows Server 2008? 4 5 6 7 ```

``` Which box should you leave checked to make a site active as soon as it is created? Directory Services Start Web site immediately Network Services Application Services ```

Start Web site immediately

``` IIS7 supports which HTTP binding options? IP address port number host header all of the above ```

all of the above

``` What is used to specify what clients are able to do on a Website after they have been authenticated by the server? authorization rules authentication rules Web security rules IIS rules ```

authorization rules

``` What authentication protocol is ticket-based and is used by Windows computers that are members of an Active Directory domain? NTLM NTLMv2 Kerberos Certificate Services ```

Kerberos

``` What enables developers to create dynamic Web pages, Web applications, and XML Web services by using a wide variety of programming languages and development tools? ASP.NET SSI ISAPI ASP ```

ASP.NET

``` SMTP server is essentially the Windows counterpart to the __________ program used by most UNIX Web servers. BIND sendmail exchange iMail ```

sendmail

``` What Terminal Services feature enables clients to run terminal server applications within individual windows? Remote Server RemoteNET RemoteApp Remote Management ```

RemoteApp

``` What device with a display and a keyboard provides the interface to the mainframe? directory terminal infrastructure terminal network terminal dumb terminal ```

dumb terminal

``` Terminal Services has which two operational modes? Execution and Install Download and Install Install and Extract Execution and Reformat ```

Execution and Install

``` What Mstsc.exe option establishes a connection to the specified terminal server in a mode suitable for use on a computer in a public place that does not cache passwords or bitmaps? /admin /public /migrate /span ```

/public

``` For Internet clients to connect to a TS Gateway server using SSL, the server must have issued a __________ by a source that the client computers trust. password RSA SecureID token digital certificate ```

digital certificate

``` Generally, what has been the choice of technology for remote network access in recent years? VPN SSL HTTP SSH ```

VPN

``` Users can employ browser-based workspaces to share information in a variety of ways such as storing documents, creating calendar appointments and task lists, and contributing to newsgroup-style discussions by accessing what type of site? Windows SharePoint Services Windows SQL Server Windows IIS Windows Server Update Services ```

Windows SharePoint Services

``` What protocol is used by the Windows Server 2008 version of Windows Media Services to stream multimedia content? Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Standard Media Protocol (SMP) Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) ```

Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)

``` AD RMS consists of which of the following components? AD RMS server AD RMS client database server all of the above ```

all of the above

The process of deploying Terminal Services with network load balancing consists of which of the following parts? creating a terminal server farm creating a network load balancing cluster both a & b none of the above

both a & b

``` Which component in iSCSI initiators and targets registers information about itself with an iSNS server and sends queries to the server for information about other clients? iSNS targets iSNS database iSNS clients iSNS server ```

iSNS clients

``` What role is essentially a superset of the Web Server (IIS) role that enables IIS to host Web services developed using environments such as Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and .NET Framework 3.0? Directory Services Application Server UDDI Services Print Services ```

Application Server

``` The process of granting users access to file server shares by reading their permissions is called __________. authorization authentication ownership delegation ```

authorization

``` Which protocol is used by Windows for file sharing? Network File System (NFS) Server Message Blocks (SMB) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Active Directory ```

Server Message Blocks (SMB)

``` After the printer processes a print job, it stores the job in a print queue that is known as a __________. driver device snap-in spooler ```

spooler

``` Which role service captures information about HTTP requests that administrators can use to monitor the Web server’s health and troubleshoot performance problems? Request Monitor Software Update Services Deployment Services Image Formatting ```

Request Monitor

What tasks must be completed to install SSL on an IIS server? Obtain and install a server certificate. Create an SSL binding for your Website(s). Configure the Website or FTP7 site to use SSL. All of the above

All of the above

``` What fully realized, in-process applications can generate dynamic HTML pages using information from a database or supplied by the client using a form? ISAPI dialogues ISAPI filters ISAPI extensions ISAPI applications ```

ISAPI extensions

``` What key combination within Terminal Services displays the Windows Security screen? ALT+TAB ALT+INSERT CTRL+ALT+TAB CTRL+ALT+END ```

CTRL+ALT+END

``` What experience option enables the client to store display information in a cache in local memory so that the server does not have to repeatedly transmit the same data? font smoothing desktop smoothing desktop composition bitmap caching ```

bitmap caching

After you import your certificate into the TS Gateway computer’s Certificates store, what must you do so that the gateway can use it? Install the certificate on the TS Gateway server. Map the certificate to the TS Gateway server. Set up SSH access to the TS Gateway server. All of the above

Map the certificate to the TS Gateway server.

``` Which of the following is NOT a step involved in deploying WMRM? packaging testing distribution distribution playback ```

testing

``` Which of the following defines a collection of common services often required by applications using Fibre Channel networks including data striping, multicasting, and multiport hunt groups? FC1 FC2 FC3 FC4 ```

FC3

``` Since 2007, which option has become the more popular Fibre Channel solution? point-to-point (FC-P2P) arbitrated loop (FC-AL) switched fabric (FC-SW) arbitrated fabric (FC-AF) ```

switched fabric (FC-SW)

``` What client application is needed by workstations to connect to a terminal server and use all of its available capabilities? Remote Desktop Connection 4.1 Remote Desktop Connection 5.1 Remote Desktop Connection 6.1 Remote Desktop Connection 7.1 ```

Remote Desktop Connection 6.1

``` What feature allows clients to revert to a previously unavailable target when it becomes available again at a lower cost than the present target? Client Failback File Replication Service (FRS) WAN monitor replication group ```

Client Failback

Windows Fax and Scan is packaged as part of a single feature called __________. Network Communications Media Pack Expansion PackDesktop Experience

Desktop Experience

``` Which function encrypts its authentication traffic before transmission, providing protection for sensitive passwords as well as the file data itself? Windows Validation FTP over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) FTP Security Wizard Windows Genuine Advantag ```

FTP over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

``` SSL for FTP7 eliminates one of the major shortcomings of FTP, which is __________. slow connections transmission of passwords in clear text user management limited number of concurrent connections ```

transmission of passwords in clear text

``` What performance monitor reports the number of active Terminal Services sessions during the sample time interval? Terminal Services: Inactive Sessions Terminal Services: Live Sessions Terminal Services: Monitoring Sessions Terminal Services: Active Sessions ```

Terminal Services: Active Sessions

In addition to installing the dependent IIS 7 role services and features, the Add Roles Wizard creates an IIS Web application for TS Web Access, adds it to the Default Website, and assigns to it to what default URL? http: //servername/tsweb http: //servername/tswebaccess http: //servername/ts http: //servername/

http://servername/ts

``` Windows Media Services uses what type of transmissions by default? unicast broadcast directed broadcast multicast ```

unicast

``` What Windows Server 2008 role enables an application server to provide digital audio and video content to network clients in real time? Print Services Directory Services Application Server Streaming Media Services ```

Streaming Media Services

``` The roles provided by the Add Roles Wizard fall into three basic categories. Which of the following is NOT one of them? Directory Services Infrastructure Services Network Services Application Services ```

Network Services

``` What is the maximum basic volume size that can be used in Windows Server 2008? 100 GB 1 TB 2 TB 5 TB ```

2 TB

``` On what tab are NTFS permissions located when viewing file or foldSharinger properties? Sharing NTFS Permissions Security ```

Security

``` Newly installed disks always appear first as what type of disk? basic disk simple disk primary disk dynamic disk ```

basic disk

``` What is the primary interface you use to initialize, partition, and format disks? Disk Configuration DiskPart DiskKeeper Disk Management ```

Disk Management

``` The File Services node provides access to which of the following elements? System Services Role Services Resources and Support All of the above ```

All of the above

``` For organizations utilizing Windows and UNIX computers, Windows Server 2008 includes which role service? Services for Network File System Services for Combined Systems File Share None of the above ```

Services for Network File System

``` What device driver converts the print jobs generated by applications into an appropriate string of commands for a specific print device? printer driver LPR driver PCL driver none of the above ```

printer driver

``` The Fax Server role creates a Fax printer and installs which console? Fax Service Manager Server Role Administration Server Manager Add Role Wizard ```

Fax Service Manager

``` The device driver that converts the print jobs generated by applications into a string of commands for a specific print device is called a __________. printer print server print device none of the above ```

none of the above

``` How many different Websites can be configured in IIS? 100 1,000 10,000 unlimited ```

unlimited

``` HTTP uses what well-known port number? 80 25 12 110 ```

``` What ticket-based authentication protocol is used by Windows computers that are members of an Active Directory domain? NTLM NTLMv2 Kerberos Certificate Services ```

Kerberos

``` When you install the Web Server (IIS) role on a Windows Server 2008 computer, what user account does IIS7 create? WWWUSERS IIS_IUSRS IISUSR IUSR ```

IISUSR

``` Participants in what type of infrastructure are issued two keys, one public and one private? public key private key secure key encrypted key ```

public key

``` What relatively old Web server technology enables HTML pages to contain directives that the server parses and executes? SSI CGI ASP UDDI ```

SSI

``` What operational division within IIS7 consists of a request queue and one or more worker processes? application pool CGI worker process UDDI ```

application pool

``` What role service creates an IIS Website that enables users to access Terminal Services desktops and RemoteApp applications without running the RDC client? TS Web Access TS Licensing TS Gateway TS Session Broker ```

TS Web Access

``` What role service provides the functionality that enables users running the RDC client to run full desktop sessions? File Server Terminal Manager Terminal Instance Store Terminal Search Services Terminal Server ```

Terminal Server

``` What file with an .rdp extension can users execute to launch the RemoteApp application on the terminal server? Remote Desktop Protocol installer Remote Desktop Protocol package Remote Desktop Protocol connector Remote Desktop Protocol service ```

Remote Desktop Protocol package

Which of the following is one of the four basic steps for installing a TS Licensing server and preparing for its use? Activate the TS Licensing server. Install the TS CALs on the TS Licensing server. Install the TS Licensing role service. All of the above

All of the above

``` What interface is particularly useful with RemoteApp because it enables users to launch applications by double-clicking icons on a Web page? Terminal Services Gateway RemoteApp Integration TS Web Access TS RemoteApp ```

TS Web Access

``` Which of the following operating systems is NOT supported as an Internet client in a TS Gateway deployment? Windows Vista Windows XP Windows 2000 None of the above ```

Windows 2000

``` What technology does Windows SharePoint Services rely on to manage the database that stores user documents and information? Microsoft Internet Information Services Microsoft Server Update Services Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Microsoft Access ```

Microsoft SQL Server 2005

``` What service allows a server to stream audio and video content to network clients in real time? Windows Media Services Windows Media Player Windows Media Center Windows Media Encoder ```

Windows Media Services

``` What two types of publishing does Windows Media Services support? analog and digital streams on-demand streams and broadcast streams scheduled and manual streams none of the above ```

on-demand streams and broadcast streams

``` What type of signaling does Fibre Channel use? parallel serial a & b none of the above ```

serial

``` Hyper-V uses what type of virtualization? 1 2 3 4 ```

``` Windows Server 2008 Web Edition does not support what role? Web Server Application Server UDDI Services Print Services ```

UDDI Services

``` Windows Server 2008 supports two hard disk partition types. They are MBR and __________. NTFS FBC GPT TPG ```

GPT

``` What protocol conserves network bandwidth by detecting changes in files and transmitting only the modified data to the destination? Remote Desktop Procotol Load Balancing Protocol Remote Differential Compressions Server Message Block ```

Remote Differential Compressions

To install the Internet Printing role service, what must you also install? Windows Process Activation Service feature Web Server (IIS) role Role Manager Both a and b

Both a and b

``` Which function enables the Web server to save information about failed application requests for troubleshooting purposes? Logging Tools Server Core Deployment Services Tracing ```

Tracing

``` What type of IIS authentication is best used for intranet Web servers with clients that are members of the same Active Directory domain and are separated by a firewall or proxy server? Basic Authentication Anonymous Authentication Digest Authentication Windows Authentication ```

Digest Authentication

``` ASP.NET files use what file extension? .NET .ASP .ASPX .ASPN ```

.ASPX

``` Client connection requests arrive over what TCP port during RDP communication? 3303 3389 3333 3339 ```

3389

``` By default, where is the Mstsc.exe file located? C:\Windows\System C:\Windows\System32\RDP C:\Windows\System32 C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\Inf ```

C:\Windows\System32

``` What Terminal Services key combination displays the Start menu? ALT+HOME CTRL+ALT+BREAK ALT+INSERT ALT+DELETE ```

ALT+HOME

``` What port number does the RDP protocol use by default? 3389 21 80 443 ```

3389

What Windows Server 2008 role enables you to create usage policies for specific types of information that specify what authorized users can do with that information? Digital Rights Management Windows SharePoint Services Windows Media Rights Manager Active Directory Rights Management Services

Active Directory Rights Management Services

``` Which is the most critical layer in the operation of a SAN? FC1 FC2 FC3 FC4 ```

FC4

The Windows Server 2008 installation DVD includes a boot image file, located in the \sources folder, that loads Windows PE 2.1 on the client computer. What is the name of this image file? boot. miw boot. wim image. wim image. miw

boot.wim

``` What works in tandem with DFS Namespaces to provide unified services such as data distribution, load balancing, and data collection? DFS Replication DFS Load Balancing DFS Mirroring DFS Looping ```

DFS Replication

``` What standardized, highly portable print job format is the default format used by Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 print subsystems? Internet Printing Printer Server Enhanced Metafile None of the above ```

Enhanced Metafile

``` When you create additional Websites on an IIS7 server, what server setting is automatically inherited? LAN Service Internet Listing Default Server Setting FTP Management ```

Default Server Setting

``` What service is responsible for managing application pools and worker processes? worker process isolation mode protected services mode Windows Process Activation Service UDDI ```

Windows Process Activation Service

``` By default, where is the TS Licensing database stored? C:\Windows\System32\LServer C:\Windows\LServer C:\Windows\System\LServer C:\LServer ```

C:\Windows\System32\LServer

``` What port does SSL use? 3389 21 80 443 ```

443

``` iSNS consists of all of the following components except __________. iSNS server iiSNS clients SNS database iSNS clients iSNS targets ```

iSNS targets

``` Which of the following roles is supported in Windows Server 2008 Server Core? Application Server Fax Server Print Services Terminal Services ```

Print Services

Distributing server roles among several computers has several distinct advantages, including which of the following? fault tolerance scalability resource allocation

all of the above

``` What feature is available to users so that they can maintain access to their server files, even in the event of a network service failure? Backup Tape Shadow Copies Shadow Files Offline Files ```

Offline Files

``` What is the name of a group of servers that all perform the same function, dividing the client load among them? group organizational unit failover cluster ```

cluster

``` What mechanism enables administrators to store elements of user profiles on a server share instead of the local drives on individual workstations? Offline Files offline folders folder redirection file redirection ```

folder redirection

``` Drive letters can be mapped with logon scripts or with __________. the ipconfig command Group Policy Active Directory Users and Computers Disk Management ```

Group Policy

``` Which of the following elements is accessible from the File Services node? Role Services Resources and Support System Services All of the above ```

All of the above

``` Which of the following items allows administrators to monitor and regulate the storage consumed by network users? File Server Resource Manager Regulation Server LAN Manager Resource Server File Resource Manager ```

File Server Resource Manager

``` A printer, print server, and printer device allow computers to process print jobs and store them to a print __________. queue file role node ```

queue

``` What is the actual hardware that produces hard copy documents on paper or other print media? printer print server print hardware print device ```

print device

``` What role does Windows Server 2008 include that enables users to send faxes from and receive them to their desktops? Fax Manager Remote Communication Server Fax Server Fax and Print Wizard ```

Fax Server

Which browsing feature in FTP7 controls the format that the server uses when sending directory listing information to a client? FTP Directory Browsing virtual server Remotdirectory servicese Desktop

FTP Directory Browsing

``` Which role service does not ship with Windows Server 2008, but is available as a free download? File Server Resources Manager FTP7 Windows Search Services Windows Server Manager ```

FTP7

``` What user account does IIS7 create by default when you install the Web Server (IIS) role on a Windows Server 2008 computer? WWWUSERS IIS_IUSRS IISUSR IUSR ```

IISUSR

``` NTFS permissions are realized as access control lists (ACLs), which consist of two basic types of access control entries named __________. Go and Stop Access and Deny Allow and Deny Pass and Fail ```

Allow and Deny

You are establishing an SSL connection with the server when you click a link or key a URL containing the __________ prefix in your browser. http: // https: // httpssl: // httpsec: //

https://

``` What is the standard email protocol that is used for the Internet? IMAP SMTP POP HTTP ```

SMTP

What networking protocol enables communication between a terminal server and a client? Remote Desktop Protocol Remote Terminal Protocol Remote Information ProtocRemote Communication Protocolol

Remote Desktop Protocol

``` What type of licensing permits one client device, such as a computer, terminal, or handheld, to connect to the terminal server no matter who is using it? Per Device Per User Per System Per OU ```

Per Device

``` What is the name of the unique identifier that the terminal server assigns to each session to keep the client processes for individual sessions separate? Client ID Session ID Terminal ID TS ID ```

Session ID

``` What is a more full-featured operating system based on the standard Windows XP kernel? Windows CE Linux Proprietary OS Windows XPe ```

Windows XPe

``` When configuring audio redirection, what setting must be selected to suppress all sounds on the client computer and the server generated by the applications running in the client session on the terminal server? Bring to this computer Do not play Leave at remote computer None of the above ```

Do not play

``` TS Web Access requires what version of Internet Information Services? 5 6 7 4 ```

``` What version of Internet Information Services is required for TS Web Access? 4 5 6 7 ```

``` What components allow clients to access specific content streams? data points stream points content points publishing points ```

publishing points

``` Windows Media Services supports what two types of streaming technologies? on-demand streams and broadcast streams scheduled and manual streams analog and digital streams none of the above ```

on-demand streams and broadcast streams

``` Windows SharePoint Services relies on what technology to manage the database that stores user documents and information? Microsoft Server Update Services Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Microsoft Internet Information Services Microsoft Internet Information Services Microsoft Access ```

Microsoft SQL Server 2005

``` A SAN-connected server has a minimum of how many network adapters? 1 2 3 4 ```

``` To create unattend files, Microsoft recommends using what tool in the Windows Automated Installation Kit? ImageX.exe Windows Server Core Windows Deployment Services Windows System Image Manager ```

Windows System Image Manager

``` Which Windows operating system protocol is used for file sharing? Network File System (NFS) Server Message Blocks (SMB) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Active Directory ```

Server Message Blocks (SMB)

``` What standardized, highly portable print job format is the default format used by the Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 print subsystems? XPS LPR EMF PCL ```

EMF

``` Which role service provides a server-side scripting environment for the development of Websites and applications that supports VBScript and JScript? Web Server IIS Static Server Pages FTP Server Active Server Pages (ASP) ```

Active Server Pages (ASP)

``` On IIS7, what reduces the application’s attack surface, minimizes the amount of memory and other system resources it needs to run, and simplifies the configuration and maintenance processes? easy installation key distribution installation modular installation primary key installation ```

modular installation

``` What module enables you to limit client access to specific file types in several different ways? ASP.NET Impersonation Digest Authentication IIS Security Handler Mappings ```

Handler Mappings

``` What extension to the CGI engine enables the Web server to maintain a pool of processes that new clients can reuse? CGI+ FastCGI CGI++ CGI# ```

FastCGI

``` Which listener enables IIS7 to receive client requests using protocols other than HTTP and ports other than port 80? NET.TCP NET.PIPE NET.MSMQ All of the above ```

Which listener enables IIS7 to receive client requests using protocols other than HTTP and ports other than port 80?

``` What confirms the user’s identity with the Credential Security Service Provider (CredSSP) protocol before the client and server establish the Terminal Services connection, eliminating that potentially dangerous window of opportunity? Network Service Provider (NSP) Network Level Protocol (NLP) Network Level Authentication (NLA) Network Security Authentication (NSA) ```

Network Level Authentication (NLA)

In addition to the Windows versions, what utility can be used to connect to a terminal server from a Macintosh computer? Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection Client for Mac 1.0 Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection Client for Mac 2.0 Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection Client for Mac 3.0 Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection Client for Mac 4.0

Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection Client for Mac 2.0

What is the last step in deploying a TS Gateway server? Create resource authorization policies. Configure the client to use the TS Gateway. Obtain and install a certificate for the TS Gateway server. Install the TS Gateway role service.

Configure the client to use the TS Gateway.

``` What can be created to enable users to access the content you specified when creating a publishing point? broadcast announcement pop-up multicast ```

announcement

``` All but which of the following options is the recommended hardware environment for a failover cluster? duplicate servers shared storage redundant network connections simultaneous network connections ```

simultaneous network connections

``` Storage devices on a SAN are nearly always drive arrays, not individual drives, and can include all of the following except __________. tape libraries optical jukeboxes hard disks none of the abov ```

none of the abov

``` What consists of a security principal and the specific permissions assigned to that security principal? access control list access permission access token access control entry ```

access control entry

``` Which topology is used by replication groups to limit the replication traffic to specific pairs of members? full mesh topology limited mesh topology hub/spoke topology none of the above ```

hub/spoke topology

``` What can increase the production capability of a single printer by connecting it to several print devices? printer pool print spooler print priority print queue ```

printer pool

``` What method is used to configure an ASP.NET application to run in a security context different from the application’s default context? ASP.NET Masquerading ASP.NET Impersonation ASP.NET Extensible Security ASP.NET Enhanced Security ```

ASP.NET Impersonation

``` Where does the UDDI service store information about Websites as well as its configuration settings? UDDI Metabase UDDI Services Database UDDI SQL Database UDDI Configuration File ```

UDDI Services Database

``` What experience option enables the RDC client to duplicate the graphics rendering capabilities of Windows Vista, most notably the Aero “glass” effect? font smoothing desktop composition Aero composition desktop smoothing ```

desktop composition

``` What port is used by SSL? 80 3389 21 443 ```

443

``` Which of the following is not a node in the Storage Manager for SANs console? LUN Management Drives Modules Subsystems ```

Modules

``` What role is included with Windows Server 2008 and enables you to perform unattended installations of Windows Server 2008 and other operating systems on remote computers? Windows Software Update Services Windows Deployment Services Windows Image Formatting Windows PE ```

Windows Deployment Services

``` What role service of the Print Services role installs the Print Management snap-in for MMC, which provides centralized printer management for an entire enterprise network? LPD Service Internet Printing Print Server Print Management ```

Print Server

``` Newly installed disks in Windows Server 2008 always appear first as what type of disk? basic disk simple disk primary disk dynamic disk ```

basic disk

``` What is the underlying disk drive structure that enables you to store information on your computer? disk structure file structure file system disk system ```

file system

``` What command-line utility along with the Use parameter can be used to map drive letters to folders in logon scripts? Net.exe Cmd.exe Ipconfig.exe Cscript.exe ```

Net.exe

``` Which of the following items simplifies the process of locating files and folders on network servers? Distributed File System Distributed Server Manager Remote File Services All of the above ```

Distributed File System

``` What will the Window’s Server 2008 “Deploying a File Server” default allow you to manage on the server? disk drives share folders map drives all of the above ```

all of the above

``` What is the new platform-independent document format included with Windows 2008 and Windows Vista that allows print job files to use a single format for their entire journey to the print device? Web Server (IIS) role LPD Services Print Management XML Paper Specification (XPS) ```

XML Paper Specification (XPS)

``` What tool do printing administrators on large enterprise networks use to keep track of print devices? Server Manager console Internet Printing role printer pool Print Management console ```

Print Management console

``` What does PCL stand for? printer command location printer color level printer case lever printer control language ```

printer control language

``` Windows Server 2008 includes a Fax Server role that allows users to send faxes from __________. the Internet mobile phones routers their desktops ```

their desktops

``` What application layer protocol enables a client to connect to a remote server, perform rudimentary file management tasks, and copy files in either direction between the two computers? File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Application server IIS Services Web server ```

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

``` Which feature enables you to use a Website to publish files located anywhere on the network? fault tolerance live hosting resource allocation virtual directories ```

virtual directories

``` What determines how listeners will identify requests on a Website? Remote Desktop Connection Windows Process Activation Service binding icon-based interface ```

binding

``` What type of interface that is integrated into most browser applications is used most often by FTP clients? touch pad interface graphical interface Windows Deployment interface Windows System Image interface ```

graphical interface

``` When IIS is installed, where is the root directory of the default Website placed? C:\inetpub\wwwroot C:\wwwroot\inetpub C:\WINDOWS\inetpub\wwwroot C:\wwwpub\inetroot ```

C:\inetpub\wwwroot

``` What is the process of confirming a user’s identity, usually by requiring the user to supply some sort of token, such as a password or certificate? administration authentication association confirmation ```

authentication

``` A digital certificate is an electronic credential issued by a __________. certificate server certificate provider certification authority certification initiator ```

certification authority

``` What was designed to be an alternative to CGI, enabling a Web server to execute applications without spawning a separate process for each incoming request? CGI ISAPI UDDI SSI ```

ISAPI

``` What licensing mode permits one client device, such as a computer, terminal, or handheld, to connect to the terminal server no matter who is using it? Per Device Per User Per System Per OU ```

Per Device

``` What is the modern equivalent of mainframe computing in which servers perform most of the processing and clients are relatively simple devices that provide the user interface? Role Services Terminal Services Domain Services Function Services ```

Terminal Services

``` What are the advantages of Terminal Services? reduced client hardware requirements simplified application deployment easy configuration and updates all of the above ```

all of the above

``` What type of files store Remote Desktop Client settings in a recallable and portable form? RDC files RDP files RDP packages RDC packages ```

RDP files

The process of installing a TS Licensing server and preparing it for use consists of four basic steps. What is the first of these steps? Activate the TS Licensing server Install the TS Licensing role service. Configure the licensing settings on the terminal servers. Install the TS CALs on the TS Licensing server.

Install the TS Licensing role service.

``` What has the technology of choice been for remote network access in recent years? SSL HTTP VPN SSH ```

VPN

``` What new Windows Server 2008 Terminal Services role service enables Internet users to access terminal servers on private networks despite intervening firewalls and network access translation (NAT) servers? Terminal Services Gateway TS Web Access TS RemoteApp RemoteApp Integration ```

Terminal Services Gateway

``` What Microsoft technology allows you to package your content in a secure form and issue licenses that provide authorized users with limited access to the content? Windows Media Rights Manager Windows Server Update Services Digital Rights Management Windows SharePoint Services ```

Windows Media Rights Manager

``` What converts content into the Windows Media format and sends it to the Windows Media Services server for real-time distribution? Windows Media Services Windows Media Player Windows Media Center Windows Media Encoder ```

Windows Media Encoder

``` You can access the administration interface for Windows SharePoint Services by selecting what from the Administrative Tools program group? Active Directory Users and Computers Computer Management SharePoint 3.0 Central Administration Active Directory Sites and Services ```

SharePoint 3.0 Central Administration

``` Because any device on a SAN can communicate with any other device on the same SAN, high-speed data transfers can occur in which of the following ways? server to storage client to server client to client client to storage ```

server to storage

``` What capability of the File Services role consists of two role services that allow administrators to create a virtual directory tree consisting of folders stored on different servers and to maintain duplicate copies of that information? Windows Search Services Distributed File System File Server Resources Manager Single Instance Store ```

Distributed File System

``` What is the combination of Allow permissions and Deny permissions called that a security principal receives for a given system element, whether explicitly assigned, inherited, or received through a group membership? effective permissions special permissions extended permissions NTFS permissions ```

effective permissions

``` Windows Server 2008 computers must run which protocol service to send email messages? Email Router Protocol (ERP) Default Email Protocol (DEP) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Simple Modem Target Protocol (SMTP) ```

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

``` To browse for print servers on the network, you must activate __________. devices the Print Management Tool the Network Discovery Setting Administrative Tools ```

the Network Discovery Setting

``` What feature enables IIS7 to log additional diagnostic information and details on reasons for failures? directory services Failed Request Tracing UDDI services print services ```

Failed Request Tracing

``` What is the only authentication method integrated into IIS7 that is enabled by default? Basic Authentication Anonymous Authentication Digest Authentication Windows Authentication ```

Anonymous Authentication

``` Which application pool type consists of multiple applications serviced by multiple worker processes? medium process pooled process isolated process Web garden ```

Web garden

``` What role service balances the client load among multiple terminal servers and saves session state information so that clients can reconnect to the same session from which they disconnected? TS Gateway TS Session Broker TS Web Access TS Licensing ```

TS Session Broker

``` Which TS server licensing scope publishes license server information in the Active Directory database, enabling terminal servers to discover licensing servers running on any computer in the same forest? Tree Domain Forest Workgroup ```

Forest

``` What option specifies how the terminal server will locate a TS Licensing server? terminal server discovery mode licensing server discovery mode licensing server licensing mode Terminal Services licensing mode ```

licensing server discovery mode

``` What port number is used by the RDP protocol by default? 3389 443 21 80 ```

3389

``` What technique encapsulates an entire client/server session within another protocol? networking propagating encapsulating tunneling ```

tunneling

What is the final step involved in deploying a TS Gateway server? Create resource authorization policies. Install the TS Gateway role service. Configure the client to use the TS Gateway. Obtain and install a certificate for the TS Gateway server.

Configure the client to use the TS Gateway.

``` What Windows Media Player feature includes several techniques, such as Fast Start and Fast Cache, that enable the player to begin displaying content more quickly, thus improving the user experience? Advanced Streaming Enhanced Streaming Fast Streaming Stream+ ```

Fast Streaming

``` Since 2007, which of the following options has become the more popular Fibre Channel solution? point-to-point (FC-P2P) arbitrated loop (FC-AL) arbitrated fabric (FC-AF) switched fabric (FC-SW) ```

switched fabric (FC-SW)

``` Windows Server 2008 file server with 1 gigabyte of memory can support approximately how many remote file handles? 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 ```

100,000

``` What lookup service maintains a list of UNIX accounts by using their UID and GID values as well as their equivalent Windows or Active Directory accounts? Name User Map User Name Mapping User Mapping Function None of the above ```

User Name Mapping

``` The anonymous user account in IIS7 is a built-in account called IUSR, which is a member of what group? WWW_IUSRS IIS_WWWUSRS IIS_IUSRS IIS_GROUP ```

IIS_IUSRS

``` Because each application pool occupies its own protected address space, a crashed application cannot affect any process running outside of that pool. This is known as __________. worker process isolation mode protected services mode Windows Process Activation Service ISAPI extensions ```

worker process isolation mode

``` What experience option enables the RDC client to duplicate the graphics-rendering capabilities of Windows Vista, most notably the Aero “glass” effect? font smoothing desktop smoothing desktop composition Aero composition ```

desktop composition

``` Which of the following is NOT a Windows Process Activation Service feature that TS Web Access requires? Request Filtering Process Model .NET Environment Configuration APIs ```

Request Filtering

``` Cluster servers should use the same software environment, which consists of all of the following elements except __________. the operating system updates Active Directory disk size ```

disk size