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Year 2 Political > 7. The EU and Developing World > Flashcards

7. The EU and Developing World Flashcards

1
Q

How much development aid does the EU account for?

A

45%

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2
Q

What is the mechanism for deliberating assistance to poorer nations?

A

EU development fund

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3
Q

Who manages the European development fund

A

European Commission and European investment back

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4
Q

Compared to the Eu budget where is the development fund administered?

A

Outside of the Eu budget, only example of this happening

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5
Q

Why does Europe have such a tight grasp on the developing world?

A

Colonisation

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6
Q

When was the first Lomé convention?

A

1975, Lomé Togo

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7
Q

What is the Lomé convention an agreement between?

A

Eu and African, Pacific Caribbean, countries

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8
Q

Why was the Lomé convention disbanded

A

Unilateral preferences to ACP counties rather than the rest of the world

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9
Q

Why were the Lomé conventions replaced by?

A

Trade agreements

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10
Q

What was signed as a new trade agreement after Lomé?

A

Cotonou partnership, 2000

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11
Q

What is the Cotonou agreement

A

Framework treaty on aid, trade and political cooperation

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12
Q

When does the Cotonou agreement expire?

A

29th February 2020

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13
Q

Why did the us complain against bananas with Eu tax?

A

Caribbean countries had quotas for bananas which meant they could make them cheaper

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14
Q

What is the primary aim of the Cotonou agreement?

A

Reducing and eventually eradicating poverty

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15
Q

When did the spirit and Desire for the Lomé convention expire?

A

Mid 90’s

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16
Q

What did Gibb say about Lomé trade?

A

Postitive discrimination

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17
Q

Where was the quota for bananas provided from?

A

The EU, fixed to each country

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18
Q

Which agreement on trade on bananas led to a reduction of tariff to LA importers?

A

Geneva Agreement

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19
Q

When was the protests against th Eu banana trade

A

1996

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20
Q

Name some Eu countries that had colonies in Africa?

A

Uk, Belgium, France, Germany

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21
Q

When was the Yaoundé Convention

A

1963

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22
Q

What was established at the Yaoundé convention

A

Trade and aid package for 17 African states to offer between trading agreements with emerging EEC

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23
Q

What percentage of EEC exports went to developing countries?

A

50%

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24
Q

How many states were in the Lomé convention

A

45, largely grouped geographically

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25
Q

What interest did Sweden have in the Yaoundé convention?

A

Wanted poverty alleviation

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26
Q

What did Italy want from the Yaoundé convention

A

Commercial interest

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27
Q

What did France want from the Yaoundé convention

A

Close ties with over sees territories

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28
Q

What were the aims of the Lomé convention

A

To reduce external trade barriers to 0 with mined and agricultural goods a priority, aimed to massively increase aid

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29
Q

What was the target aim for trade in the Lomé convention

A

3 billion

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30
Q

What is the Lomé convention trade described as?

A

Non reciprocal

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31
Q

How many bananas were

Consumed in the EU

A

2.5 billion tonnes a year

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32
Q

What percentage of Caribbean farms make bananas

A

50%

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33
Q

How many countries are there in the ACP

A

79

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34
Q

What counties come together to stop Lomé trade agreements?

A

USA and Latin American counties

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35
Q

What was the main aims of the Cotonou convention

A

To reduce poverty l, in-line with sustainable development

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36
Q

What is an obligation for Cotonou counties to do?

A

Uphold good governance

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37
Q

What other thanks states can participate in Cotonou?

A

NGO’s

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38
Q

Out of the 49 counties on Cotonou how many are the poorest

A

40

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39
Q

When is the next Cotonou assessment year?

A

2020

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40
Q

Where is ACP based?

A

Brussels

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41
Q

What are is created in the Cotonou agreement

A

Freee trade area

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42
Q

What is the focus of the free trade area of Cotonou

A

Development

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43
Q

What political technique is used in investments and services

A

Liberalisation

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44
Q

What are the regions of the ACP?

A

West africa, central africa, eastern and Southern Africa, Southern Africa, East Africa, Pacific, and Carribean

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45
Q

What agreements are given to ACP countries?

A

Economic Partnership Agreements or EPA’s

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46
Q

What do the EPA’s focus on?

A

Small island nations and landlocked countries

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47
Q

What do EPAs do that concerns Europe

A

Opening up of markets to the EU

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48
Q

What are the main problems with EPAs?

A

Regional integration, industrial development, foreign investment and services?

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49
Q

How much of Ghana’s exports are to the EU?

A

80%, dependent on Eu

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50
Q

What does each EPA show power wise?

A

Asymmetrical amount of power between ACP counties and EU countries

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51
Q

What is aid now described as?

A

Cross compliant

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52
Q

What is the aid and EPA subject to?

A

Performance by ACP states

53
Q

How many states make up the west African region?

A

16

54
Q

Who is Eus most important trading group?

A

West Africa, 40% of all trade in ACP

55
Q

Where do most of EU exports go to ACP?

A

Ivory Coast and Ghana (mainly industrial goods and machinery)

56
Q

Where do most of EU imports come from in the ACP?

A

Nigeria (oil) Ghana and Ivory Coast Cocoa

57
Q

What does the EPA ACO trade create?

A

Lock In (hunt 2012)

58
Q

What is the main differences between Cotonou and Lomé?

A

Aid now based on performance, non stage allocators giver more access, political dialogue (tries to include peace)

59
Q

What is the main alternative agreement to Cotonou

A

Joint africa Eu stratergy

60
Q

When did the JAES start?

A

2007

61
Q

What are the current priorities to JAES

A

Peace and security, democracy, humans development, youth leadership, sustainable and inclusive development, global and emerging issues

62
Q

What does the JAES run

A

Youth leaders summit

63
Q

What has JAES been able to do?

A

Get young people from each side to engage in understanding what is happening in each place

64
Q

What are the common challenges in African and European youths

A

Unemployment and job finding

65
Q

Who is argued to be the champion of soft power?

A

The EU

66
Q

What seemed to challenge the relevance of the Eu in many ACP countries

A

Emergence of BRICs

67
Q

What issues are more prominent than ever in Europe?

A

Controversial negotiations and political security issues

68
Q

When was the first talk of Europe and the developing world

A

May 1956 tables by France

69
Q

Why was it easier to start a trade relationship with africa rather than Latin America

A

Africa already had a framework in place

70
Q

Why was the dialogue that stared with Latin countries and who pushed it

A

Brussels dialogue pushed by Italy

71
Q

Name famous argentinians with Italian heritage

A

Gabriel Batistuta, Esteban Cambiasso, Di Maria and most famously Leo Messi, Also Javier Zanetti

72
Q

Which 3 Latin counties did Eu try to get bilateral agreements with?

A

Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay

73
Q

When was regular meetings set up between Europe and Asia?

A

Not unti ASEM in 1996

74
Q

What is the ALA

A

Asia Latin America, review all trade programmes that exceed 2 million euros

75
Q

What is wrong with the ALA

A

Grouped together countries that don’t make sense, like Brazil and argentine vs Yemen and Cuba

76
Q

Which founding ECC countries had colonial relations with the developing world?

A

All but Luxembourg

77
Q

What did the first Yaoundé convention offer?

A

Preferential access to the EEC and reductions in tariff, signed in 1963

78
Q

What is the current spending of the European development fund?

A

Around 30 billion

79
Q

Who blocked the Cotonou agreement talks due to migration worries

A

Hungary

80
Q

Which part of Africa is developing quicker and has better trading partnerships

A

West Africa

81
Q

When a country is in crisis like the DRC what does Europe aim to do

A

Encourage elections, provide solutions, try to dissipate anger and aggression

82
Q

What do people from Eu who are supporting Africa think about the uk

A

Not happy with brexit,

No uk post Cotonou will be great different, will be close but different

83
Q

Small states often loose money when joining big groups so why do it

A

Political motivation.

84
Q

What are small states unable to achieve

A

A critical mass in terms of money, Armstrong and read 2002

85
Q

What does the UN think is a small state

A

Below 1 million,

Armstrong and read

86
Q

Why do small scale counties struggle economically

A

The scale means they are unable to be as efficient as larger states, this stops the development of larger scale manufacturing Armstrong and read

87
Q

What positives are the ACO now showing

A

Increasing gdp per capita

88
Q

What are the MDG’s

A

Millienium development goals

89
Q

How many countries adopted the MDGs

A

189

90
Q

Why is ACP EU relations key in poverty reduction

A

All but 8 poorest countrried are in the Cotonou agreement

91
Q

What is African growth rates

A

2.73 % which greatly exceeds global levels

92
Q

What is Eu best trading relaxation with the ACP

A

Africa

93
Q

Why did 2004 dilute relations with ACP for Europe

A

Addition of 12 new Eu counties all with no colonial links led to lesser priorities

94
Q

What did yaounde link europe to

A

tiny amount of the developing world with very little trade links, only 5% trade

95
Q

The trading deficit in the yaounde convention between eu and the developing world was how much

A

over 3 billion

96
Q

Why was the arrival of the UK to the EU so important for development relations

A

the UK had many former colonies and over sees territories

97
Q

Where did the agreement have to extend to in order to accound for the UK

A

carribean states

98
Q

What was another main reason for the Lome convention

A

how bad the yaounde had worked

99
Q

What were the 3 possible options after Yaounde for progress

A

simply enlarge yaounde, individual bilateral agreements and preferentially agree on preferential trade agreements

100
Q

How many european and developing counitres were there at the start of lome

A

46 developing countires and 9 EU countries

101
Q

How many countries did lome rise to quickly after creation in 75

A

53

102
Q

What can be said about the desire of lome

A

very very ambitious, maybe to much so

103
Q

Why was lome so long lived

A

the institutionalisation it caused

104
Q

What did the commision claimed was behind us

A

the colonisation of the past, had to move forward

105
Q

WHat did the EU aim to do with aid after Lome

A

make it more effective and efficient

106
Q

What did the EU want the new cotonou agreement to be

A

much more political, looking to reward states for good governance

107
Q

Why did the EU reject cuba joining the ACP

A

human rights breaches

108
Q

What is the aim with aid of cotonou

A

to align aid with international efforts

109
Q

How will aid be granted in Cotonou

A

a 2 year cycle

110
Q

What was seen as motivation for reform in Lome

A

past policy failures

111
Q

At the end of Lome what was ACP share of the european market,

A

just 2.8 %

112
Q

When was africa first seen as associated with an integrated europe

A

robert schuman declaration

113
Q

At the start of Lome what was the global view

A

the most progressive and promising society (holland)

114
Q

What was different about Lome IV

A

Contained more political power, coinciding with the fall of the berlin wall, more human rights campaigns

115
Q

What did the green paper show before the cotonou agreement

A

that there had actually not been much progress in Lome and actually the globalisation of african nations has led to decline

116
Q

What is the key goal of cotonou

A

to expedite the economic cultural social development of the ACP, contributing to peace

117
Q

WHat are 4 fundamental principles of Cotonou

A

Equality of partners, foster widest possible involvement, dialougue and fulfilment of mutual obligations, differentiation in the arrangements for ACP countries

118
Q

What is the main change in cotonou from Lome

A

the last principle, to change policy between the states

119
Q

What is the main saftey aim cotonou hopes to erradicate

A

the arms trade

120
Q

What must happen within 15 days of a offending country being flagged up for their actions

A

they must engage in consultation

121
Q

What is good governance according to cotonou

A

transparent and accountable management of human natural economic and financial rescources

122
Q

What were ACP countires reaction to the level of money made available in the EDF

A

they were unhappy, 15.2 billion euros for 92 countries, up to 25 billion now with unspent lome funds

123
Q

How does cotonou think greater effeciency can be achevied

A

rationalising financial mechanisms under the agreement

124
Q

Why is it hoped that recources will be less prone to being forzen into indicative programme budgets of the country,

A

Each state will be viewed differently in terms of needed and requirments

125
Q

What are the 3 new macroeconomic policies in cotonou

A

debt relleif structural ajustments and export earnings

126
Q

What has the ACP called for

A

cancelation of unsustainable debt levels

127
Q

What is different in pacific countires between lome and cotonou

A

expanded into cotonou, was 8 now 14 countries,

128
Q

What do many pacifc nations have

A

significant colonial links

Year 2 Political (9 decks)

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