3. Theories of European Integration

Question 1

Why was a new political system needed after ww2

Answer 1

To preserve nations peace

Question 2

What is federalism?

Answer 2

Coming together states, seeding to a power above the states

Question 3

Who was a pusher of federalism

Answer 3

Spinelli

Question 4

Where was spinelli locked up?

Answer 4

Ventotene

Question 5

What manifesto did spinelli create in 1941

Answer 5

The ventotene manifesto

Question 6

Who developed the theory of Functionalism?

Answer 6

Monnet

Question 7

What was the advantage of Monnet with the UK

Answer 7

Wanted to create a closer relationship with France and uk

Question 8

What is functionalism

Answer 8

The theory of mind, it states that mental beliefs are constituted solely by their functional role

Question 9

What did Monnet say about functional federalism

Answer 9

We do not make coalitions of states, we unite peoples

Question 10

What do theories fail to explain?

Answer 10

Integration theory in the 50’s and 60’s

Question 11

What is neofunctional also seen as?

Answer 11

Supranationalism

Question 12

What are the assumptions of neofunctionalism?

Answer 12

States not unified actors, interest groups important international actors

Question 13

What is functional spill over?

Answer 13

Economic spill over because Morden economies are made up of individual parts

Question 14

What is political spill over?

Answer 14

Governments gradually concede the benefits of integration and give up soverignitry

Question 15

What are the critisicms of neo functionalsim?

Answer 15

Difficult to seperate technical functional issues from political ones, linear process

Question 16

What are hoffmanns 3 mistakes in neofunctionalsim?

Answer 16

European integration is not a self sustained process, states are unequally power full actors, between low and high politics

Question 17

What was Moravcsiks hypotheses

Answer 17

There is no body superior to the state. Reluctant to use integration or supranationalism, co-operation is based on the lowest denominator, state will not seek economic gains from cooperation if it compromises the states long term survival

Question 18

When was the grandtheories stage and what did it involve?

Answer 18

60-70, policy making triggers integration, neo funcrionalsims vs intergovernmentalism

Question 19

When was the mesolevel theories stage and what did it involve?

Answer 19

70-90, more policy making, evaluation of single policies

Question 20

What is the approach’s, eclectic theories stage?

Answer 20

2000s ,Refreshed debate about polity making, Europeanisation of domestic products

Question 21

What are the 3 main aims for a perfect theory?

Answer 21

Needs to characterise or describe how the world is, seeks to explain this process, then can predict future occurrences

Question 22

What does a theory of European integration need to address?

Answer 22

Speed and direction of the European integration, speed and direction of policies, understanding what causes progress and the failure to establish certain policies

Question 23

Why are the main theories of European integration

Answer 23

Federalism, functionalism, neofunctionalism/supranationalism, intergovernmentalism, liberal intergovernmentalism

Question 24

What is the simple idea behind spinelli European federalism?

Answer 24

Simply a group of states coming together and those states seeding power to a level above those states

Question 25

Give an example of spinelli federalism

Answer 25

USA, 50 states lots of different powers

Question 26

Who started European federalism?

Answer 26

Spinelli, a communist

Question 27

What manifesto did spinelli start?

Answer 27

Ventotene

Question 28

Why was the aim of ventotene manifesto

Answer 28

Looking to relegate nationalism to a secondary position and to increase federal structure

Question 29

What idea before spinelli spread across Europe?

Answer 29

Nationalism

Question 30

What were the major concerns around the time of the Second World War

Answer 30

Need to bring countries back to a stable footing

Question 31

Where was federalism supported?

Answer 31

In resistance

Question 32

What did spinelli advocate in society

Answer 32

Constitutional break and federal constitution for Europe

Question 33

Who did spenelli fall victim to

Answer 33

Benito Mussolini, spinelli and 700/800 communists and socialists put together on an island, brought together political discussion

Question 34

What did the people on ventotene say the main reason for war was?

Answer 34

Nationalism

Question 35

Which European congress was based on nationalism and national ideas?

Answer 35

The Hague (1948)

Question 36

What is the make up of the council of Europe?

Answer 36

Intergovernmental

Question 37

What later European occurrences show resonance of federalism

Answer 37

Maastricht treaty and Single European Act

Question 38

Who came up with the idea of functionalism

Answer 38

David Mitrany, Romanian naturalised Britain

Question 39

What was functionalism applied to

Answer 39

The global system

Question 40

What was David mitrany

Answer 40

Not a theorist of European integration but influenced later advocates

Question 41

What did mitrany theorise

Answer 41

How to achieve a more peaceful and stable international order in the post war world

Question 42

What is the underpinning issue for mitrany and functionalsim

Answer 42

Nationalism biggest issue in deterioration in interstate relations

Question 43

Who did mitrany describe the federal system

Answer 43

Unworkable and unachievable

Question 44

What did mitrany create in 1943

Answer 44

A working peace system

Question 45

What was the example mitrany used in London to explain functionalism

Answer 45

Transport board, boroughs of London have seeded powers to a functional agency to ensure that transport links exists between boroughs

Question 46

What does functionalism encourage?

Answer 46

The need for functional agencies when there is an advantage to pooling powers

Question 47

When was functionalsim more practical

Answer 47

When around a specific issue

Question 48

What was the role of functionalsim in government

Answer 48

Transfer functional take from governments to international agencies

Question 49

What did functionalism oppose

Answer 49

World government and regional federations

Question 50

Who created functional federalism

Answer 50

Jean Monnet

Question 51

What can Monnet be described as?

Answer 51

A technician with extraordinary vision and ambition about ways in which Europe’m could progress in the past war period

Question 52

Where did Monnet work briefly

Answer 52

League of Nations but found it blocked as nations had to unanimously agree on issues

Question 53

Which country did Monnet want France to have closer ties to?

Answer 53

Uk

Question 54

Why was Monnet at the centre of?

Answer 54

Allied war effort between the USA, UK and France

Question 55

Who did Monnet work with to create the EEC

Answer 55

Robert Schumann

Question 56

Who devised the Schumann declaration

Answer 56

Jean Monnet

Question 57

What were Monnets functional aims?

Answer 57

To ensure coming coal for French steel industry, to tie in Germany, to develop a European scale economy

Question 58

What was monnets federal aims

Answer 58

Uniting people not making states, even closer union in the treaty of Rome

Question 59

What is the problem with these theories in the 1950’s-60’s

Answer 59

Fail to explain European integration, crisis in the EEC weaken the federalist/functional argument

Question 60

What was he empty chair crisis

Answer 60

French PM pulled out of the CAP viewing it as an attempt to move to federalism

Question 61

Which scholars began to look at EEC and develop theoretical approaches to political integration

Answer 61

US

Question 62

What were the two main streams of new US ideas on Europeaness

Answer 62

Neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism

Question 63

Who came up with the idea of Neofunctionalism

Answer 63

Ernst Haas, the uniting of Europe, political social and economic forces 1958

Question 64

What were states viewed as in Neofunctionalism

Answer 64

Not unified actors

Question 65

What are states described as in Europe in the 60’s

Answer 65

An empty container

Question 66

What did Haas argue about states

Answer 66

Different interests of different groups

Question 67

What is functional spill over?

Answer 67

Impossible to isolate one sector in industry so outward ripples furthering cooperation

Question 68

What is political spillover

Answer 68

As economic collaboration increases this leads to more pressure on politicians to push forward integration

Question 69

What are the critiques of neofunctionalism?

Answer 69

Division between economic and political spill over is difficult to achieve

Question 70

What did hoffman stay about intergovernmentalism

Answer 70

Focused on failing to grapple with low politics. Argued that states were in the driving seats, states were uniquely powerful actors

Question 71

What 3 mistakes did Hoffman say neofunctionalsist fail to make

Answer 71

Fail to distinguish high and low politics, European integration not a self contained process, states as powerful actors

Question 72

What created liberal intergovernmentalism

Answer 72

Andrew Moravcsik

Question 73

What did moravscik focus on

Answer 73

Operation of interest groups within states and how they determine and shape the policies of states towards Europe

Question 74

What did moravscik sharpen

Answer 74

Intergovernmentalism to focus on states as rational actors

Question 75

What did Moravcsik publish in 1998?

Answer 75

The choice for Europe

Question 76

What two level analysis did moravscik make

Answer 76

Domestic preference formation and Eu treaty formation

Question 77

What is moravcsiks hypothesis

Answer 77

No body superior to the state, reluctant to use integration, cooperation is based on the lowest common denominator, state will not seek economic gains from cooperation if it compromises long term survival of the state and sovereignty

Question 78

What were Moravcsiks findings

Answer 78

The larger the states economy the more dominant on the future of Europe, bargaining reflects states power, economic interests dominate domestic preference formation