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Year 2 Political > 3. Theories of European Integration > Flashcards

3. Theories of European Integration Flashcards

1
Q

Why was a new political system needed after ww2

A

To preserve nations peace

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2
Q

What is federalism?

A

Coming together states, seeding to a power above the states

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3
Q

Who was a pusher of federalism

A

Spinelli

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4
Q

Where was spinelli locked up?

A

Ventotene

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5
Q

What manifesto did spinelli create in 1941

A

The ventotene manifesto

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6
Q

Who developed the theory of Functionalism?

A

Monnet

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7
Q

What was the advantage of Monnet with the UK

A

Wanted to create a closer relationship with France and uk

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8
Q

What is functionalism

A

The theory of mind, it states that mental beliefs are constituted solely by their functional role

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9
Q

What did Monnet say about functional federalism

A

We do not make coalitions of states, we unite peoples

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10
Q

What do theories fail to explain?

A

Integration theory in the 50’s and 60’s

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11
Q

What is neofunctional also seen as?

A

Supranationalism

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12
Q

What are the assumptions of neofunctionalism?

A

States not unified actors, interest groups important international actors

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13
Q

What is functional spill over?

A

Economic spill over because Morden economies are made up of individual parts

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14
Q

What is political spill over?

A

Governments gradually concede the benefits of integration and give up soverignitry

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15
Q

What are the critisicms of neo functionalsim?

A

Difficult to seperate technical functional issues from political ones, linear process

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16
Q

What are hoffmanns 3 mistakes in neofunctionalsim?

A

European integration is not a self sustained process, states are unequally power full actors, between low and high politics

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17
Q

What was Moravcsiks hypotheses

A

There is no body superior to the state. Reluctant to use integration or supranationalism, co-operation is based on the lowest denominator, state will not seek economic gains from cooperation if it compromises the states long term survival

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18
Q

When was the grandtheories stage and what did it involve?

A

60-70, policy making triggers integration, neo funcrionalsims vs intergovernmentalism

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19
Q

When was the mesolevel theories stage and what did it involve?

A

70-90, more policy making, evaluation of single policies

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20
Q

What is the approach’s, eclectic theories stage?

A

2000s ,Refreshed debate about polity making, Europeanisation of domestic products

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21
Q

What are the 3 main aims for a perfect theory?

A

Needs to characterise or describe how the world is, seeks to explain this process, then can predict future occurrences

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22
Q

What does a theory of European integration need to address?

A

Speed and direction of the European integration, speed and direction of policies, understanding what causes progress and the failure to establish certain policies

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23
Q

Why are the main theories of European integration

A

Federalism, functionalism, neofunctionalism/supranationalism, intergovernmentalism, liberal intergovernmentalism

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24
Q

What is the simple idea behind spinelli European federalism?

A

Simply a group of states coming together and those states seeding power to a level above those states

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25
Q

Give an example of spinelli federalism

A

USA, 50 states lots of different powers

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26
Q

Who started European federalism?

A

Spinelli, a communist

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27
Q

What manifesto did spinelli start?

A

Ventotene

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28
Q

Why was the aim of ventotene manifesto

A

Looking to relegate nationalism to a secondary position and to increase federal structure

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29
Q

What idea before spinelli spread across Europe?

A

Nationalism

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30
Q

What were the major concerns around the time of the Second World War

A

Need to bring countries back to a stable footing

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31
Q

Where was federalism supported?

A

In resistance

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32
Q

What did spinelli advocate in society

A

Constitutional break and federal constitution for Europe

33
Q

Who did spenelli fall victim to

A

Benito Mussolini, spinelli and 700/800 communists and socialists put together on an island, brought together political discussion

34
Q

What did the people on ventotene say the main reason for war was?

A

Nationalism

35
Q

Which European congress was based on nationalism and national ideas?

A

The Hague (1948)

36
Q

What is the make up of the council of Europe?

A

Intergovernmental

37
Q

What later European occurrences show resonance of federalism

A

Maastricht treaty and Single European Act

38
Q

Who came up with the idea of functionalism

A

David Mitrany, Romanian naturalised Britain

39
Q

What was functionalism applied to

A

The global system

40
Q

What was David mitrany

A

Not a theorist of European integration but influenced later advocates

41
Q

What did mitrany theorise

A

How to achieve a more peaceful and stable international order in the post war world

42
Q

What is the underpinning issue for mitrany and functionalsim

A

Nationalism biggest issue in deterioration in interstate relations

43
Q

Who did mitrany describe the federal system

A

Unworkable and unachievable

44
Q

What did mitrany create in 1943

A

A working peace system

45
Q

What was the example mitrany used in London to explain functionalism

A

Transport board, boroughs of London have seeded powers to a functional agency to ensure that transport links exists between boroughs

46
Q

What does functionalism encourage?

A

The need for functional agencies when there is an advantage to pooling powers

47
Q

When was functionalsim more practical

A

When around a specific issue

48
Q

What was the role of functionalsim in government

A

Transfer functional take from governments to international agencies

49
Q

What did functionalism oppose

A

World government and regional federations

50
Q

Who created functional federalism

A

Jean Monnet

51
Q

What can Monnet be described as?

A

A technician with extraordinary vision and ambition about ways in which Europe’m could progress in the past war period

52
Q

Where did Monnet work briefly

A

League of Nations but found it blocked as nations had to unanimously agree on issues

53
Q

Which country did Monnet want France to have closer ties to?

A

Uk

54
Q

Why was Monnet at the centre of?

A

Allied war effort between the USA, UK and France

55
Q

Who did Monnet work with to create the EEC

A

Robert Schumann

56
Q

Who devised the Schumann declaration

A

Jean Monnet

57
Q

What were Monnets functional aims?

A

To ensure coming coal for French steel industry, to tie in Germany, to develop a European scale economy

58
Q

What was monnets federal aims

A

Uniting people not making states, even closer union in the treaty of Rome

59
Q

What is the problem with these theories in the 1950’s-60’s

A

Fail to explain European integration, crisis in the EEC weaken the federalist/functional argument

60
Q

What was he empty chair crisis

A

French PM pulled out of the CAP viewing it as an attempt to move to federalism

61
Q

Which scholars began to look at EEC and develop theoretical approaches to political integration

A

US

62
Q

What were the two main streams of new US ideas on Europeaness

A

Neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism

63
Q

Who came up with the idea of Neofunctionalism

A

Ernst Haas, the uniting of Europe, political social and economic forces 1958

64
Q

What were states viewed as in Neofunctionalism

A

Not unified actors

65
Q

What are states described as in Europe in the 60’s

A

An empty container

66
Q

What did Haas argue about states

A

Different interests of different groups

67
Q

What is functional spill over?

A

Impossible to isolate one sector in industry so outward ripples furthering cooperation

68
Q

What is political spillover

A

As economic collaboration increases this leads to more pressure on politicians to push forward integration

69
Q

What are the critiques of neofunctionalism?

A

Division between economic and political spill over is difficult to achieve

70
Q

What did hoffman stay about intergovernmentalism

A

Focused on failing to grapple with low politics. Argued that states were in the driving seats, states were uniquely powerful actors

71
Q

What 3 mistakes did Hoffman say neofunctionalsist fail to make

A

Fail to distinguish high and low politics, European integration not a self contained process, states as powerful actors

72
Q

What created liberal intergovernmentalism

A

Andrew Moravcsik

73
Q

What did moravscik focus on

A

Operation of interest groups within states and how they determine and shape the policies of states towards Europe

74
Q

What did moravscik sharpen

A

Intergovernmentalism to focus on states as rational actors

75
Q

What did Moravcsik publish in 1998?

A

The choice for Europe

76
Q

What two level analysis did moravscik make

A

Domestic preference formation and Eu treaty formation

77
Q

What is moravcsiks hypothesis

A

No body superior to the state, reluctant to use integration, cooperation is based on the lowest common denominator, state will not seek economic gains from cooperation if it compromises long term survival of the state and sovereignty

78
Q

What were Moravcsiks findings

A

The larger the states economy the more dominant on the future of Europe, bargaining reflects states power, economic interests dominate domestic preference formation

Year 2 Political (9 decks)

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