7: THE CLINICAL LABORATORY Flashcards
• Main task- provide accurate and
reliable information to medical
doctors for the diagnosis,
prognosis, treatment, and
management of disease.
• Place where specimens collected
from individuals are processed,
analyzed, preserved and properly
disposed
• An essential component of health
Institutions
CLINICAL LABORATORY
“Clinical Laboratory Act June 18, 1966”
• Republic Act 4688
• Cytology
• Histology
• Cytogenetics
Anatomical
• Hematology
• Coagulation
• Chemistry
• Blood Bank
• Serology (Immunology)
• Microbiology
• Urinalysis
• Phlebotomy
Clinical
• provide services for genetics, immune/hematopathology and infectious disease.
Molecular Pathology
• such as a hospital, school, medical clinic, medical facility, birthing home, psychiatric facility, drug rehabilitation center and etc.
Institution-based
• free standing outpatient clinical laboratory
Free Standing
• Owned wholly or partially by the national or local government units
Government-owned
• Owned and operated by a private individual,
cooperative, corporation or non-government organization.
Privately owned
• Basic routine services
• CBC, UA, FE, Blood typing
• 10 square meters
Primary Category
• Primary lab services + Chemistry
• FBS, TC, BUN, BUA, Creatinine
• If Hospital based: Gram Staining, KOH & Crossmatching
• 20 square meters
Secondary Category
• Secondary services + Immunology & Serology +
Microbiology + Blood banking
• 60 square meters
National Reference Laboratory
• National Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI)
Hematology, Blood Banking
• East Avenue Medical Center (EAMC) Drug Testing, Water Microbiology
• STD/AIDS Central Cooperative Laboratory (SACCL)
Serology
• Lung Center of the Philippines Clinical Chemistry
• Research Institute of Tropical Medicine (RITM)
Microbiology
Tertiary Category
• A duly registered physician specially trained in methods of laboratory medicine on the gross and microscopic study and interpretation of tissues in order to diagnose disease, follow its course ‘determine the effectivity of treatment and ascertain the cause of death
Head Pathologist
• A licensed physician and qualified in laboratory medicine as certified by the Philippine Board of Pathology
• Works under the direct supervision of the Head of a clinical laboratory.
Associate Pathologist
• A duly registered medical technologist designated as such to exercise direct technical supervision over the laboratory staff provided that the clinical laboratory has at least three medical technologists or at least six personnel employed.
Chief Medical Technologist
• Persons who engage in the work of medical technology under the supervision of a pathologist having passed a prescribed course of training, examination & registered in the Board of Medical Technology.
• Perform complex laboratory examinations, evaluate test results, develop and modify procedures, and establish and monitor programs, to ensure the accuracy of tests.
Medical Technologists
• Medical Technology graduates who failed to pass the Medical Technologist Licensure Examination but obtained a general rating of not less then seventy (70%) percent.
• Perform less complex tests and laboratory procedures than what medical technologists perform.
• may work in several areas of the clinical laboratory or specialize in just one under the supervision of medical technologists and/or pathologist.
Medical Technology Technicians
• Is someone trained to collect blood samples either through a skin puncture, venipuncture, or arterial puncture
Phlebotomist
• Is a laboratory practitioner who examines human specimens to detect cancer cells or diseases
Cytotechnologist
• Routinely prepare, process and stain biopsies and tissue specimens for microscopic examination by a pathologist.
Histologic technician
Perform all the aspects of the job that HT’s do and other more complex processing, staining, or identification procedures
Histotechnologist
• is the study of the formed (cellular) elements of the blood.
• Most common body fluid analyzed in hematology section is Whole Blood
Hematology
• most common blood test
CBC
count determines the number of red cells in circulating blood.
Red Blood Cell (RBC)
determines the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells.
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
determines the volume of red cells packed by centrifugation (expressed as a percent %)
Hematocrit (Hct)
• determine the size of red blood cells and amount of hemoglobin
Indices