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PMLS > 1: HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION > Flashcards

1: HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Flashcards

1
Q

• “Father of Medicine”
• author of Hippocratic Oath
• advocated the examination of urine to diagnose disease

A

HIPPOCRATES (300 BC)

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2
Q

• created a system of pathology through measure of body fluids (four humors e.g. blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) with the Pythagorean theory
• founder of experimental physiology

A

GALEN (180 AD)

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3
Q

• first description of “hematuria” attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood

A

RUFUS OF EPHESUS (50 AD)

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4
Q

• devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid

A

ISAAC JUDAEUS (900 AD)

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5
Q

• discovered the circulation of blood
• marked the beginning of a period of mechanical explanations for a variety of functions and processes

A

WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1657)

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6
Q

• earliest microscopist
• probably the first to use the microscope to investigate the causes of disease

A

ATHANASIUS KIRCHER (1602–1680)

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7
Q

• used the microscope to document the existence of cells

A

ROBERT HOOKE (1635–1703)

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8
Q

• founder of Histology
o studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues
• famous for his investigations on:
o embryology and the histology
o physiology of the glands
o viscera

A

MARCELLO MALPIGHI (1628–1694)

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9
Q

• observed that urine containing protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid.

A

FREDERIK DEKKERS (1694)

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10
Q

• first to notice the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine
• established the principle for the differential diagnosis of “diabetes mellitus” and “diabetes insipidus”

A

THOMAS WILLIS (1621–1675)

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11
Q

• first to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another

A

RICHARD LOWER (1631–1691)

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12
Q

• discovered the cause of coagulation, which he called “coagulable lymph,” also known as fibrinogen

A

WILLIAM HEWSON (1739–1774)

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13
Q

• works include:
o descriptions of the germinal vesicle in the embryo
o description and naming of protoplasm
o discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skin and their excretory ducts
o numerous descriptions of brain, nerve, and muscle cells

A

JOHANNES EVANGELISTA PURKINJE (1823)

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14
Q

• introduced the concepts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
• discovered partial heat sterilization or Pasteurization
• attenuated vaccines

A

LOUIS PASTEUR (1822–1895)

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15
Q

• discovered the complete life history and sporulation of the anthrax bacillus
• developed a method of obtaining pure cultures of organisms
• played a role in perfecting the method of steam sterilization
• discovered the tubercle bacillus by other special culture and staining methods and formulated a rule for determining the specificity of disease-causing organisms
• discovered Vibrio cholera and recognized its routes of transmission

A

ROBERT KOCH (1843–1910)

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16
Q

• established ward laboratories at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where routine tests were carried out by attending physicians.

A

SIR WILLIAM OSLER (1898)

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17
Q

• discovered methods of antisepsis using carbolic acid.

A

JOSEPH LISTER (1827–1912)

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18
Q

• first to observe the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood
• devised a coagulometer to estimate coagulation time

A

SIR ALMROTH EDWARD WRIGHT

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19
Q

• developed many methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat
• discovered mast cells and saw their granulations using a basic aniline stain
• classified white blood cells into different morphological types
• discovered methylene blue as a bacterial stain

A

PAUL EHRLICH (1854–1915)

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20
Q

• accidentally discovered penicillin

A

SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING (1881–1955)

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20
Q

• accidentally discovered penicillin

A

SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING (1881–1955)

21
Q

• developed the bacteriological staining method most widely used today

A

CHRISTIAN GRAM (1884)

22
Q

• developed the plating technique using double dishes now called Petri dishes

A

R. J. PETRI (1887)

23
Q

• discovered the antibacterial action prontosil; a derivative of sulfonamide

A

GERHARD JOHANNES PAUL DOMAGK (1895–1964)

24
Q

• introduced Jaffe’s alkaline picrate method for creatinine
• published the first normal values for uric acid, NPN, and protein in blood for assessment of renal function
• discovered the Folin Ciocalteau reagent

A

OTTO FOLIN (1904-1922)

25
Q

• discovered the concept of the human blood types
• described the ABO blood group
• studied bleeding in newborns and contributed to the discovery of the Rh factor

A

KARL LANDSTEINER (1868–1943)

26
Q

• edited and published the first textbook of laboratory medicine entitled A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis

A

JAMES C. TODD (1908)

27
Q

• published “The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians,” which included a description of the first formal training course in medical technology

A

JOHN KOLMER (1918)

28
Q

• first reported the ability to recognize cancer in vaginal smears, thus beginning clinical cytology

A

G.N. PAPANICOLAOU (1928)

29
Q

• strongly believes that med tech may be traced back in 1550 BC when intestinal parasites were mentioned

A

VIVIAN HERRICK

30
Q

• wrote a book on Introduction to the profession of Medical Technology

A

RUTH WILLIAMS

31
Q

• started the first laboratory instruction in 1884

A

DR. DOUGLAS

32
Q

• published a laboratory guide entitled “Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” in 1908

A

DR. JAMES TODD

33
Q

• first clinical laboratory was established; University of Pennsylvania William Pepper Laboratory, USA

A

1896

34
Q

• laboratories began to hired bacteriologists during outbreaks of infectious diseases.
• Laboratory technicians/ assistants were trained

A

1900

35
Q

• Laboratory science was accepted as basis for diagnosis of diseases.

A

1911

36
Q

• Pennsylvania State, USA enacted law requiring all hospitals to have a clinical laboratory and to employ full time laboratory technicians.

A

1915

37
Q

• the American College of Surgeons began requiring trained technicians to supervise hospital laboratories.

A

1920

38
Q

• the first formal recognition of the profession came when a group of 39 physicians laid foundation for the ASCP.
• ASCP’s objective is to promote the practice of scientific medicine by a wider application of clinical pathology methods to the diagnosis of disease.

A

1922

39
Q

• Medical Technology/ CLS became more widely recognized

A

Between 1928 – 1945

40
Q

• ASCP created a formal program to ensure the competence of lab. Workers through certification

A

1928

41
Q

• Schools for training lab. Workers were established and ASCP issued first certificate to 400 technicians.

A

1930

42
Q

• ASCP began to require that applicants meet educational prerequisites

A

1933

43
Q

• ASCP required a two-year collegiate education and 12 months actual training in the laboratory as preparation for practice.

A

1940

44
Q

• A standard curriculum was formalized in preparation for a Bachelor of Science degree.

A

1950

45
Q

• ASCP issued 2,453 certificates and the number of technicians certified each year grew steadily.

A

1960

46
Q

• 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army in Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila started training high school graduates.

A

1944

47
Q

• US army left the 26th medical laboratory to the Phil. Department of Health.
• Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda of the Manila Health Department set up the Public Health laboratory under the city government of Manila.

A

1945

48
Q

• PHL – MHD started training lab. Technicians.

A

1947

49
Q

• PHL offered 6 months training of high-school graduates to become lab Technicians.
• PUC offered B.S. Medical Technology

A

1954

50
Q

• organizational meeting was held at PHL- Manila

A

September 15, 1963

51
Q

• PAMET had its first convention at FEU Medical Auditorium

A

September 20, 1964

PMLS (10 decks)

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