1: HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Flashcards
• “Father of Medicine”
• author of Hippocratic Oath
• advocated the examination of urine to diagnose disease
HIPPOCRATES (300 BC)
• created a system of pathology through measure of body fluids (four humors e.g. blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) with the Pythagorean theory
• founder of experimental physiology
GALEN (180 AD)
• first description of “hematuria” attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood
RUFUS OF EPHESUS (50 AD)
• devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid
ISAAC JUDAEUS (900 AD)
• discovered the circulation of blood
• marked the beginning of a period of mechanical explanations for a variety of functions and processes
WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1657)
• earliest microscopist
• probably the first to use the microscope to investigate the causes of disease
ATHANASIUS KIRCHER (1602–1680)
• used the microscope to document the existence of cells
ROBERT HOOKE (1635–1703)
• founder of Histology
o studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues
• famous for his investigations on:
o embryology and the histology
o physiology of the glands
o viscera
MARCELLO MALPIGHI (1628–1694)
• observed that urine containing protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid.
FREDERIK DEKKERS (1694)
• first to notice the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine
• established the principle for the differential diagnosis of “diabetes mellitus” and “diabetes insipidus”
THOMAS WILLIS (1621–1675)
• first to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another
RICHARD LOWER (1631–1691)
• discovered the cause of coagulation, which he called “coagulable lymph,” also known as fibrinogen
WILLIAM HEWSON (1739–1774)
• works include:
o descriptions of the germinal vesicle in the embryo
o description and naming of protoplasm
o discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skin and their excretory ducts
o numerous descriptions of brain, nerve, and muscle cells
JOHANNES EVANGELISTA PURKINJE (1823)
• introduced the concepts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
• discovered partial heat sterilization or Pasteurization
• attenuated vaccines
LOUIS PASTEUR (1822–1895)
• discovered the complete life history and sporulation of the anthrax bacillus
• developed a method of obtaining pure cultures of organisms
• played a role in perfecting the method of steam sterilization
• discovered the tubercle bacillus by other special culture and staining methods and formulated a rule for determining the specificity of disease-causing organisms
• discovered Vibrio cholera and recognized its routes of transmission
ROBERT KOCH (1843–1910)
• established ward laboratories at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where routine tests were carried out by attending physicians.
SIR WILLIAM OSLER (1898)
• discovered methods of antisepsis using carbolic acid.
JOSEPH LISTER (1827–1912)
• first to observe the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood
• devised a coagulometer to estimate coagulation time
SIR ALMROTH EDWARD WRIGHT
• developed many methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat
• discovered mast cells and saw their granulations using a basic aniline stain
• classified white blood cells into different morphological types
• discovered methylene blue as a bacterial stain
PAUL EHRLICH (1854–1915)
• accidentally discovered penicillin
SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING (1881–1955)
• accidentally discovered penicillin
SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING (1881–1955)
• developed the bacteriological staining method most widely used today
CHRISTIAN GRAM (1884)
• developed the plating technique using double dishes now called Petri dishes
R. J. PETRI (1887)
• discovered the antibacterial action prontosil; a derivative of sulfonamide
GERHARD JOHANNES PAUL DOMAGK (1895–1964)
• introduced Jaffe’s alkaline picrate method for creatinine
• published the first normal values for uric acid, NPN, and protein in blood for assessment of renal function
• discovered the Folin Ciocalteau reagent
OTTO FOLIN (1904-1922)
• discovered the concept of the human blood types
• described the ABO blood group
• studied bleeding in newborns and contributed to the discovery of the Rh factor
KARL LANDSTEINER (1868–1943)
• edited and published the first textbook of laboratory medicine entitled A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis
JAMES C. TODD (1908)
• published “The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians,” which included a description of the first formal training course in medical technology
JOHN KOLMER (1918)
• first reported the ability to recognize cancer in vaginal smears, thus beginning clinical cytology
G.N. PAPANICOLAOU (1928)
• strongly believes that med tech may be traced back in 1550 BC when intestinal parasites were mentioned
VIVIAN HERRICK
• wrote a book on Introduction to the profession of Medical Technology
RUTH WILLIAMS
• started the first laboratory instruction in 1884
DR. DOUGLAS
• published a laboratory guide entitled “Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” in 1908
DR. JAMES TODD
• first clinical laboratory was established; University of Pennsylvania William Pepper Laboratory, USA
1896
• laboratories began to hired bacteriologists during outbreaks of infectious diseases.
• Laboratory technicians/ assistants were trained
1900
• Laboratory science was accepted as basis for diagnosis of diseases.
1911
• Pennsylvania State, USA enacted law requiring all hospitals to have a clinical laboratory and to employ full time laboratory technicians.
1915
• the American College of Surgeons began requiring trained technicians to supervise hospital laboratories.
1920
• the first formal recognition of the profession came when a group of 39 physicians laid foundation for the ASCP.
• ASCP’s objective is to promote the practice of scientific medicine by a wider application of clinical pathology methods to the diagnosis of disease.
1922
• Medical Technology/ CLS became more widely recognized
Between 1928 – 1945
• ASCP created a formal program to ensure the competence of lab. Workers through certification
1928
• Schools for training lab. Workers were established and ASCP issued first certificate to 400 technicians.
1930
• ASCP began to require that applicants meet educational prerequisites
1933
• ASCP required a two-year collegiate education and 12 months actual training in the laboratory as preparation for practice.
1940
• A standard curriculum was formalized in preparation for a Bachelor of Science degree.
1950
• ASCP issued 2,453 certificates and the number of technicians certified each year grew steadily.
1960
• 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army in Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila started training high school graduates.
1944
• US army left the 26th medical laboratory to the Phil. Department of Health.
• Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda of the Manila Health Department set up the Public Health laboratory under the city government of Manila.
1945
• PHL – MHD started training lab. Technicians.
1947
• PHL offered 6 months training of high-school graduates to become lab Technicians.
• PUC offered B.S. Medical Technology
1954
• organizational meeting was held at PHL- Manila
September 15, 1963
• PAMET had its first convention at FEU Medical Auditorium
September 20, 1964
